Intro to Pharm
What is ADME? and what does it do?
Absorption (process by which a drug moves from its site of administration to the blood stream)
Distribution (Once in the bloodstream, the drug is distributed throughout the body to various tissues and organs, including its target site)
Metabolism (CYP450 inhibitors. Process by which the body chemically modifies a drug, typically to make it more water-soluble for easier excretion.)
Excretion (creatnine clearin, through kidneys)
Which drug treats acute gout?
colchicine
Which antiviral may cause lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly?
tenofovir?
Which drug has interactions with caffeine, cola, chocolate and tea?
Xanthines
What do you do for an aspirin overdose?
gastric lavage or activated charcoal, hemodialysis for severe renal failure
What is half-life? and how many half lives does it take to reach steady state? how many half lives for the medication to fully leave the body?
Time required for 50% drug to be removed from the body, 4-5 to reach steady state, 5-7 to be eliminated from the body.
What are the indications for indomethacin?
What are the indications for ketoralac and what is the black box warning?
Pre-term labor, RA, OA, ankylosing spondylitis, acute gouty arthritis.
K: Powerful analgesic effects (comparable with opioids), moderate to severe acute pain
BBW: Use limited to no more than 5 days in a row due to high risk of GI problems
Which antifungal may lead to prolonged QT intervals, hepatoxicity, and dermatologic issues?
Fluconazole
Which drug is used for maitenance treatment of asthma and COPD?
Salmeterol
Which antibiotic can be used in topical, opthalmic, and injectible forms?
Erythromycin (enhanced on an empty stomach)
Which drugs can pregnant women not take?
category D & X
What are some contraindications for aspirin?
patients at risk for bleeding, children under 18 (risk for Reye's syndrome)
Which drug is used for oral and vaginal candida? (yeast infection and thrush?)
Nyastatin
Which drug may reduce viscosity of secretions in acute or chronic cough?
Guaifenesin
Which drug is Used for infections that are resistant to gentamicin or tobramycin?
Amikacin
What is a CYP450 inhibitor and a CYP450 inducer?
Cyp450 inhibitor: inhibitors decrease enzyme activity, slowing metabolism and increasing the risk of drug toxicity
Cyp450 inducer: inducers increase CYP450 enzyme activity, speeding up drug metabolism and potentially reducing drug effectiveness
What are the chronic gout drugs?
allopurinol, probenacid
Contraindications for cephalosporins?
Anaphylaxis with penicillin
Allergies to other cephalosporin drugs
Which mucolytic is used for patients having difficulty coughing up secretions due to viscid mucous secretions, atelectasis, postoperative patients, pts with tracheostomies or undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy
Acetylcysteine
Which drug is Poorly absorbed from GI tract so not usually given orally?
Gentamicin
Right drug, right dose, Right route, right time, right patient, right documentation, right reason, right response, right of refusal
What is a contraindication for celecoxib?
Sulfa allergy
What are the beta lactamase inhibitors?
Sulbactam and ampicillin (Unasyn)
Amoxicillin/Clavulonic Acid (Augmentin)
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)
Which antihistamines has fewer side effects and are a second generation? It is also Beneficial for patients with chronic asthma and urticaria
Loratadine & cetirizine
Which drug can you NOT give to people with heart conditions?
Clarithromycin