Metabolic Masters
Describe the difference between HYPOthyroidism and HYPERthyroidism.
HYPO - low levels of thyroid hormone resulting in bradycardia, weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, etc.
HYPER - high levels of thyroid hormone resulting in tachycardia, weight loss, insomnia, heat intolerance, etc.
What are 4 treatment regiments for type 2 diabetes?
1. non insulin medications
2. insulin
3. diet
4. exercise
List 3 side effects of empagloflozin
UTI
fungal infections
urosepsis
increased urination
DKA
dehydration
weight loss
What do all AED medication have a risk of?
suicide
Oh no your seizure alert dog got distracted by a squirrel and you had a seizure! Lose 100 points
Lose 100 points
What is the generic name of the only hypothyroid drug and how long does it take to have effect in the body?
levothyroxine
4 weeks - half life is 7 days
What is the primary side effect of metformin?
GI distress that gets better overtime, take with meals to reduce
What do incretins do in the body?
Stimulate insulin release
What is fosphenytoin dosed in?
phenytoin equivalents
Great work you administered phenytoin at a rate of 50 mg / min or less. Plus 200 points.
Plus 200 points.
What thyroid medications have a risk for agranulocytosis?
methimazole and propylthiouracil
What two non insulin drugs are administered SQ
exenatide and pramlintide
Which drug has the side effect of cold symptoms?
sitagliptin
What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin?
10 - 20 mcg / mL
Uh oh! You only took your PTU one time today so your hyperthyroidism is uncontrolled! Lose 300 points.
Lose 300 points.
What is the drug of choice for hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?
propyltiouracil
What two supplements should someone taking metformin take?
B12 and folate
Which drug is linked with the Antabuse effect and what is it?
glipizide, and the sensation of being out of it when consumed with alcohol
Which AED is a category 5 drug?
pregabalin
Yikes you took your glipizide without eating and now you have hypoglycemia! Lose 400 points.
Lose 400 points.
Describe the hyperthyroid drug purpose:
Lugol's Solution
Sodium or Potassium Iodine IV
Potassium Iodine Oral
Beta Blockers
Lugol's - suppress thyroid hormone before surgery
IV - quick action in thyroid storm
Oral - protect from radioactive crisis
Beta - control tachycardia
Match the non insulin medication to its MOA:
metformin, glipizide, empagloflozin, exenatide, sitagliptin, pramlintide
mimics the function of amylin, mimics the action of incretins, decreases hepatic formation of glucose, manipulates kidneys to excrete glucose, stimulate the pancreas to make more insulin, enhances the action of incretins
metformin - decreases hepatic formation of glucose
glipizide - stimulate the pancreas to make more insulin
empagloflozin - manipulates kidneys to excrete glucose
exenatide - mimics the action of incretins
sitagliptin - enhances the action of incretins
pramlintide - mimics the function of amylin
List a unique side effect for the following medications:
metformin, glipizide, empagloflozin, sitagliptin
metformin - discontinue before use of contrast dye to risk of lactic acidosis
glipizide - Antabuse effect
empagloflozin - UTI
sitagliptin - cold symptoms
What is the difference between phenytoin and fosphenytoin?
phenytoin is harder to administer, whereas fosphenytoin is easier to administer and is converted to phenytoin once it is in the body
Phew you got the last dose of oral potassium iodine in Chernobyl! Plus 500 points.
Plus 500 points.