Cardiac Electrophysiology Basics
This phase involves rapid sodium influx causing depolarization.
What is Phase 0?
Subclass associated with lupus-like syndrome.
This drug is preferred for acute ventricular arrhythmias post-MI.
What is procainamide?
What is lidocaine?
THis is the main conduction effect of these medications.
What is slowed AV conduction?
Rationale: Think rate control.
Life-threatening rhythm risk of these medications.
What is torsades de pointes?
Rationale: QT prolongation may cause torsades danger.
This ECG interval is prolonged.
What is PR interval?
Rationale: AV node slowing leads to PR lengthening.
The plateau phase is mainly due to this ion entering cells.
What is calcium?
Drug causing cinchonism.
What is quinidine?
This glucose effect must be monitored, especially in patients with DM.
What is masking hypoglycemia?
Rationale: Due to the HR not spiking, there could be hidden low sugar symptoms.
This drug has an extremely long half-life.
Amiodarone increases serum levels of this drug,
requiring dose reduction.
What is amiodarone?
What is Digoxin?
Unique oral side effect of these medications.
What is gingival hyperplasia?
Rapid repolarization occurs when this ion leaves the cell.
What is potassium?
Major cardiac risk from these drugs that nurses must monitor on the ECG.
What is proarrhythmia/QT prolongation?
This withdrawal risk may appear if these drugs are stopped suddenly.
What is rebound hypertension?
This drug is contraindicated with Permanent AF, decompensated HF, class IV
HF, and pregnancy.
What is Dronedarone?
This is a contraindicated conduction disorder for these medications.
What is sick sinus syndrome/AV block?
This phase represents the resting membrane potential.
What is Phase 4?
which food increases drug levels.
What is grapefruit juice?
Rationale: Grapefruit blocks metabolism, allowing levels to increase rapidly.
Combination with this another class of medication can cause heart block.
What is beta-blockers combined with calcium channel blockers?
Rationale: This is due to double AV suppression
A patient with these electrolyte imbalances will have to use with caution.
What is hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia?
These AV blocks are contraindications for CCB.
What is Second or third-degree AV block?
Proper conduction ensures this physiologic outcome.
What is coordinated heart contraction?
Electricity = contraction. No coordination = inefficient pumping.
Use of this medication increases serum digoxin levels by 2-3 fold, requiring digoxin dose reduction to prevent toxicity.
What is Quinidine?
This this the respiratory risk that these medications have due to their MOA.
What is bronchospasm?
Rationale: Beta-2 blockade will cause tight airways
This pulmonary toxicity risk may occur with these medications.
What is pulmonary fibrosis?
Rationale: Watch for cough and shortness of breath.
Use with these drugs are cautioned, but not contraindicated with CCB.
What are beta blockers?