Anti-diabetic
What is the onset, peak, and duration of rapid acting insulin?
Onset: 5-15 mins
Peak: 1 to 2 hours
Duration: 3 to 5 hours
What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones. TSH is elevated and decreased T4 levels
What is the maximum dose of acetaminophen given to an adult client in one day?
3000mg/day
List the order of Pharmakinetics in order.
1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH(vasopressin) and oxytocin
Give an example of SGLT2 inhibitor. And, also name its adverse effects.
canagliflozin - Genital yeast infection and UTIs
dapagliflozin
What does euthyroid mean?
Thyroid levels are within normal range
A client asked the RN, "Why am I receiving pain medications through this darn needle in my arm?" How should the RN repond?
"IV pain medications work faster than pill medications."
Name 4 ethical principles of nursing and tell what they mean.
1. Beneficence is the act of charity, mercy, and kindness.
2. Nonmaleficence refers to not doing harm.
3. Autonomy refers to an individual's right to self-determination
4. Justice means giving each person or group what they are due.
What is ADH or vasopressin?
Hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland. Helps maintain blood pressure.
A RN has an order for 4 units of short acting insulin and 11 units of intermediate acting insulin. Please name the 1st 4 steps the RN should take in order.
1. Clean the tops of both insulin bottles
2. Inject 11mL of air into intermediate vial
3. Inject 4mL of air into the short acting vial
4. Pull up 4units of short acting insulin into syringe
Name at least 5 S&S of hyperthyroidism and the medications commonly used to treat this dx.
S&S: weight loss, exophthalmos, heat intolerance, tachycardia, diarrhea, insomnia, anxiety, thinning and fine hair, fatigue
Medications: Propylthiouracil, methimazole
A RN administered 2 mg of Hydromorphone IV to a 50-year-old male client post-op lap cholecystectomy. Name at least 5 S/S the RN should monitor for:
1. Decrease BP/Hypotension
2. Urinary retention
3. Pupil constriction
4. Sedation
5. Itching
6. Constipation
7. Decreased RR
8. Nausea & Vomiting
What is distribution and how are most drugs transported through the body?
Distribution is the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action. Medication is distributed through the blood stream bound to plasma proteins.
Explain what somatropin is, when it can be prescribed, and its contraindications.
Somatropin is a growth hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. If there is inadequate amount produced in the body, it can lead to decreased growth. It can be prescribed if patient has genetic disorders such as Turner's syndrome. Not usually given after the epiphyseal plate closes. It cannot be given with glucocorticoids.
A nurse is checking up on a client and notices that the client is unconscious, cold, and sweaty. Upon further assessment, the client' s blood sugar is 35 and he does not have an IV access. What should a nurse do 1st?
Inject IM glucagon
A client has been prescribed Levothyroxine for the first time. What dietary foods should the client avoid?
Soy: it can decreased the effectiveness
Please list the mild opioid, strong opioid agonist, and non-opioid analgesics
Mild opioid agonists include codeine and hydrocodone.
Fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, and oxycodone are considered strong opioid agonists.
Tramadol is a non-opioid analgesic.
What physiological changes in elderly clients could alter how medications are distributed, metabolized, and excreted?
GI motility decreases with age, body mass decreases, body cannot hold as much fluid
Liver does not have the same metabolizing ability.
Kidney functions decrease with age resulting in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Name at least 3 adverse effects of prednisone?
Hyperglycemia, weight gain, osteoporosis, cushing syndrome, GI discomfort, infection
What drug class is repaglinide? How would the RN instruct a patient to take this medication?
The glinide class of medication only works with food and has a short half-life. Do not take if patient is not eating due to the risk of hypoglycemia.
If a client was prescribed levothyroxine 6 weeks ago, how can we tell if the treatment was therapeutic?
Client can have weight loss, increased energy, increase in heart rate, decreased cold intolerance, increased T4 and decreased TSH etc.
Please name at least 3 adverse effects of Acetaminophen.
1. Hepatotoxicity
2. Renal failure
3. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
What is tolerance, withdrawal, physical dependence, psychological dependence?
Tolerance describes the state of adaptation, where exposure to the drug causes changes in drug receptors and results in decreased drug effects over time.
Withdrawal are physiological symptoms that occur when an individual STOPS a substance.
Physical dependence is the physiological need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms.
Psychological dependence is known as addiction and is the obsessive desire for the euphoric effects of the drug.
A client has been newly prescribed prednisone. What should the RN include in the teaching?
1. This medication may increase your BG.
2. Do not abruptly stop the medication.
3. Continue the medication even if symptoms have subsided.