Name that drug!
This drug works in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys. It can cause cytotoxicity that can be irreversible
What is Ethacrynic acid. Remember that Lasix can cause toxicity, too but that is usually transient (ATI. p 143)
The HMG-COA reductioase inhibitors (i.e. Statins!) can cause several worrisome side effects. What are two?
What are hepatotoxicity and myopathy
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop, osmotic, potassium-sparing and thiazide... are?
What are all classes of diuretics.
Bosentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist used for pulmonary hypertension. What is the black box warning related to this drug?
What is hepatotoxicity AND teratogenicity. It is Pregnancy category X drug. It is contraindicated in patients who are pregnant, those with severe liver impairment or patients also taking cyclosporine or glyburide.
The nurse should recognize this as a contraindication for using propranolol
Asthma! Also contraindicated in patients with bradycardia and heart block.
This is the prototype drug of angiotensin II receptor blockers. It is used for hypertension and heart failure.
What is valsartan. It can also reduce mortality following an MI
What are hemorrhage, bleeding, thrombocytopenia, DIC depending on the medication route. Epidural route may cause neurological damage from hematoma formation.
Acetazolamide is a diuretic used to treat edema, glaucoma, and high altitude sickness. What are at least 2 contraindications of this drug?
Known drug allergy, severe renal or liver dysfunction, adrenal glad insufficiency or hyponatremia/hypokalemia. Lilley, p. 445.
A teaching point for patients taking peripheral alpha blockers such as doxazosin should include what?
Weakness, vision changes that include a yellow-green or white halo, and dysrhythmias are complications of what drug?
What is digoxin.
This cardiac drug is the prototype for cardiac glycosides. It is a second line med for heart failure, atrial dysrhythmias that has positive inotrope and negative chronotropic effects
What is digoxin
What are at least 2 side effects of of both loop and thiazide diuretics?
Dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and
This drug is very safe and often prescribed in combination with other drugs as an adjunct to loop diuretics to treat edema and/or heart failure.
What is hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide class of diuretic). Lilley p. 451
Isotonic solution infusions, such as normal saline, require close monitoring for symptoms of what:
What is fluid overload and heart failure
What is teaching them to take off the patch at night to prevent tolerance to the drug.
This organic nitrate is use for angina and comes in multiple different forms.
What is nitroglycerin
What is one of the most irritating side effects for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) such as Captopril?
Dry cough related to kinase II inhibition releasing bradykinin.
Also can have hyperkalemia, rash, altered taste, angioedema, neutropenia
What can happen if there is rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia?
Osmotic demyelination synroms (previously = central pontine myelinolysis). Lilley p. 469
What is Prinzmetal or vasospastic angina. Lilley p 359
What is an important contraindication for starting atorvastatin?
What is moderate to severe liver dysfunction. This is especially true if the patient is also on another statin. Renal disease is another precaution. This is pregnancy category X and should be avoided with pregnancy or breastfeeding.
This Class II beta-adrenergic blocker cardiac medication prevents the sympathetic nervous system from stimulating the heart.
What is a dangerous adverse effect of nitroprusside infusions?
Delirium and mental status changes related to thiocyanate toxicity when nitroprusside is at high doses. MONITOR cyanide/thiocyanate levels closely when infusing this med
What is heart failure. Carefully monitor colloidal infusion such as albumin closely for fluid overload.
A nurse understands that the risk for digoxin toxicity can be enhanced with what lab abnormality
What is hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and a level grater than 2 ng/ml
What treatment could be used for a patient who is on IV heparin and starts vomiting blood and/or GI bleeding?
What is protamine that reverses the anticioagulant effect of heparin.
Also, note that Vitamin K reverse warfarin (another drug) effects.