General PK
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
100
Which of the following is NOT a part of pharmacokinetics (ADME)?
a) Absorption
b) Distribution
c) Metabolism
d) Receptor binding
d) Receptor binding
100
Which of the following factors would increase oral drug absorption?
a) High molecular weight
b) High lipophilicity
c) Strong hydrogen bonding
d) High polarity
b) High lipophilicity
100
Which of the following plasma proteins primarily binds to acidic drugs?
a) Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
b) Hemoglobin
c) Albumin
d) Lipoproteins
c) Albumin
100
Which of the following enzymes is the most important in Phase I metabolism?
a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Cytochrome P450 enzymes
d) Kinase
c) Cytochrome P450 enzymes
200
Which of the following is the best definition of pharmacokinetics?
a) The study of how drugs interact with receptors in the body
b) The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted
c) The process of drug discovery and development
d) The study of the biological effects of drugs
b) The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted
200
What is the significance of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in drug absorption?
a) It determines the drug's bioavailability
b) It predicts the solubility of the drug in lipophilic membranes
c) It helps determine the ionization state of the drug at different pH levels
d) It measures the drug’s molecular weight
c) It helps determine the ionization state of the drug at different pH levels
200
Drugs that accumulate in adipose tissue typically exhibit which characteristic?
a) High polarity
b) High molecular weight
c) High lipophilicity
d) High plasma protein binding
c) High lipophilicity
200
Which of the following statements best describes drug metabolism?
a) It always inactivates drugs
b) It makes drugs more water-soluble for excretion
c) It always converts drugs into active forms
d) It only occurs in the liver
b) It makes drugs more water-soluble for excretion
300
True or False: Active drugs in vitro may be inactive in vivo
True
300
Which of the following drugs is likely to be orally bioavailable according to Lipinski’s Rule of Five?
a) MW = 600, log P = 6, 12 hydrogen bond acceptors
b) MW = 400, log P = 4, 5 hydrogen bond donors
c) MW = 800, log P = 2, 6 hydrogen bond acceptors
d) MW = 300, log P = -2, 15 hydrogen bond donors
(b) MW = 400, log P = 4, 5 hydrogen bond donors
300
Which factor most significantly affects drug distribution?
a) Drug pKa
b) Lipophilicity
c) Plasma protein binding
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
300
Phase I metabolic reactions include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Hydrolysis
d) Glucuronidation
d) Glucuronidation
400
Why is pharmacokinetics important in drug design?
a) To predict drug solubility and permeability
b) To determine the optimal route of administration
c) To ensure therapeutic drug levels are achieved
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
400
The structure below is Acetylsalicylic acid with a pKa of 4.5, according to its pKa is this drug considered as:
a) weak acid
b) weak base
c) strong acid
d) strong base
a) weak acid
400
Which of the following statements about drug distribution is TRUE?
a) Drugs bound to plasma proteins are pharmacologically active
b) Lipophilic drugs tend to accumulate in adipose tissue
c) Drugs do not distribute beyond the blood vessels
d) Drug distribution is independent of blood flow
b) Lipophilic drugs tend to accumulate in adipose tissue
400
Phase II metabolism involves which of the following reactions?
a) Oxidation and hydrolysis
b) Conjugation with glucuronic acid, sulfate, or glutathione
c) Reduction of carbonyl groups
b) Conjugation with glucuronic acid, sulfate, or glutathione
500
Which of the following statements about drug absorption is TRUE?
a) Only ionized drugs can cross biological membranes via passive diffusion.
b) Very polar drugs are well absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
c) A balance between lipophilicity and hydrophilicity is important for optimal absorption.
d) Weak acids are better absorbed in the intestines than in the stomach.
c) A balance between lipophilicity and hydrophilicity is important for optimal absorption.
500
Acetylsalicylic acid has a pKa of 4.5, when placed in the stomach (pH = 2.0). What is the expected ionization state of the drug?
a) Mostly ionized
b) Mostly unionized
c) Equally ionized and unionized
d) Completely metabolized
b) Mostly unionized
500
What type of drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) most easily?
a) Large and polar drugs
b) Hydrophilic drugs
c) Highly lipophilic drugs
d) Drugs bound to plasma proteins
c) Highly lipophilic drugs
500
A drug undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. What does this mean?
a) It is rapidly excreted before reaching circulation
b) It is metabolized before reaching systemic circulation
c) It has high oral bioavailability
d) It is mainly eliminated by the kidneys
b) It is metabolized before reaching systemic circulation