Treatment Seeking & Natural Recovery
Approximately what proportion of individuals with gambling disorder do not seek formal treatment?
A) 20%.
B) 40%.
C) 60%.
D) 80%.
D) 80%.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is grounded in which model?
A) Cognitive-behavioural.
B) Learning theory.
C) Stages of Change.
D) Psychodynamic.
C) Stages of Change.
Bibliotherapy interventions are best described as:
A) Therapist-led CBT.
B) Self-directed workbooks using therapeutic principles.
C) Peer-led support groups.
D) Diagnostic tools.
B) Self-directed workbooks using therapeutic principles.
CBT conceptualizes gambling disorder as involving:
A) Genetic vulnerability only.
B) Cognitive distortions and maladaptive behaviours.
C) Habit formation only.
D) Emotional dysregulation only.
B) Cognitive distortions and maladaptive behaviours.
Which class of medication shows the strongest evidence for reducing gambling urges?
A) Antidepressants.
B) Mood stabilizers.
C) Opioid antagonists.
D) Antipsychotics.
C) Opioid antagonists.
A common reason individuals avoid seeking gambling treatment is:
A) Lack of motivation to change.
B) Belief they can solve the problem on their own.
C) Fear of medication side effects.
D) Mandatory abstinence requirements.
B) Belief they can solve the problem on their own.
The primary goal of MI in gambling treatment is to:
A) Eliminate gambling immediately.
B) Teach coping skills.
C) Resolve ambivalence and enhance motivation.
D) Challenge cognitive distortions.
C) Resolve ambivalence and enhance motivation.
Bibliotherapy tends to be most effective when:
A) Used alone.
B) Combined with therapist support.
C) Limited to severe gamblers.
D) Used in inpatient settings only.
B) Combined with therapist support.
According to Sharpe’s CBT model, gambling is triggered by:
A) External cues only.
B) Internal cues only.
C) Internal and external cues leading to arousal.
D) Financial stress.
C) Internal and external cues leading to arousal.
Antidepressants may be most helpful when gambling is driven by:
A) Sensation seeking.
B) Impulsivity.
C) Anxiety or depression.
D) Financial motivation.
C) Anxiety or depression.
Research suggests that approximately what proportion of problem gamblers recover without formal treatment?
A) 5%.
B) 15%.
C) 33%.
D) 60%.
C) 33%.
MI encourages change primarily by focusing on:
A) Therapist confrontation.
B) Resolving external pressure.
C) Values, discrepancies, and consequences.
D) Abstinence contracts.
C) Values, discrepancies, and consequences.
Online gambling interventions appear particularly beneficial for:
A) Recreational gamblers.
B) Adolescents.
C) Treatment-seeking problem gamblers.
D) Non-gamblers.
C) Treatment-seeking problem gamblers.
In CBT, coping skills are primarily used to:
A) Eliminate urges.
B) Replace medication.
C) Inhibit gambling despite urges.
D) Increase insight.
C) Inhibit gambling despite urges.
Glutamate modulators may be effective because they target:
A) Reward hypersensitivity.
B) Excitatory dysregulation.
C) Cognitive distortions.
D) Habit learning.
B) Excitatory dysregulation.
As gambling severity increases, treatment seeking generally:
A) Decreases.
B) Remains unchanged.
C) Increases.
D) Becomes unrelated to harm.
C) Increases.
MI appears most effective when it is:
A) Used alone for all severities.
B) Delivered only long-term.
C) Matched to severity within stepped care.
D) Combined only with medication.
C) Matched to severity within stepped care.
Helpline-based interventions have been shown to:
A) Be ineffective long-term.
B) Only reduce gambling in the short term.
C) Produce sustained reductions in gambling.
D) Increase treatment dropout.
C) Produce sustained reductions in gambling.
Gamblers Anonymous (GA) differs from CBT primarily because it:
A) Emphasizes moderation.
B) Requires abstinence.
C) Uses behavioural experiments.
D) Focuses on cognitive restructuring.
B) Requires abstinence.
Overall, pharmacological treatments for gambling disorder show:
A) Strong and consistent effects.
B) No benefit.
C) Mixed efficacy and tolerability.
D) Superior outcomes to CBT.
C) Mixed efficacy and tolerability.
The existence of high rates of natural recovery most strongly supports the use of:
A) Abstinence-only treatment.
B) Long-term inpatient care.
C) Stepped-care treatment models.
D) Pharmacological first-line treatment.
C) Stepped-care treatment models.
Adding booster sessions to MI primarily aims to:
A) Improve diagnosis.
B) Maintain treatment gains over time.
C) Replace CBT.
D) Eliminate the possibility of relapse.
B) Maintain treatment gains over time.
Mindfulness-based interventions primarily target:
A) Cognitive distortions.
B) Gambling knowledge deficits.
C) Experiential avoidance of internal states.
D) Financial decision-making.
C) Experiential avoidance of internal states.
A limitation of self-exclusion programs is that they:
A) Increase gambling urges.
B) Require oversight of gambling venues.
C) Can be circumvented.
D) Require documentation of diagnosis.
C) Can be circumvented.
Current evidence suggests medications are best used:
A) As first-line standalone treatments.
B) Only for abstinence.
C) As adjuncts to psychosocial interventions.
D) Only in severe inpatient cases.
C) As adjuncts to psychosocial interventions.