Perfusion
What is the antidote to heparin?
When teaching a patient taking iron supplements, the nurse explains they should take them with this vitamin to enhance absorption.
What is vitamin C?
These first-generation antihistamines effectively reduce sneezing and rhinorrhea but commonly cause drowsiness and anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth and urinary retention.
What are first-generation antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine)?
These topical medications reduce inflammation in dermatitis, but prolonged use can cause skin thinning.
What are topical corticosteroids?
This class of diuretics works in the distal convoluted tubule, promotes sodium and water excretion, and may cause hypokalemia
What is a thiazide diuretic?
This insulin has an onset of about 15 minutes, peaks in about 1 hour, lasts 3–5 hours, and should be administered right before meals.
What is rapid-acting insulin (or lispro)?
This rebound nasal congestion can occur after prolonged use (more than 3–5 days) of these topical nasal decongestant sprays.
What are intranasal decongestants? (Afrin/oxymetazoline)
This therapy effectively reduces hot flashes and prevents bone loss but increases the risk of thromboembolism, stroke, and certain cancers, requiring careful risk assessment before initiation.
What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
A nurse is teaching a patient starting a beta blocker for hypertension. The nurse emphasizes checking this vital sign before administration and reporting a value below 60 bpm.
What is heart rate?
A patient taking levothyroxine reports palpitations, heat intolerance, and insomnia. The nurse recognizes that these findings most likely indicate this problem.
What is excessive thyroid hormone replacement (hyperthyroidism from overmedication)?
A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed montelukast. What should cause the nurse to question this prescription? Select All That Apply.
A. The patient is 54 years old.
B. The patient reports frequent foot cramps.
C.The patient has chronic hepatitis C.
D. The patient has a history of chronic pulmonary disease.
E. The patient has a hypersensitivity to leukotriene modifiers.
What is C &E?
These ophthalmic medications decrease aqueous humor production, may cause systemic bradycardia, and require the nurse to teach lacrimal occlusion after administration.
What are beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., timolol) eye drops?
These first-line antilipemic medications work in the liver to lower LDL cholesterol and require monitoring for muscle pain and elevated liver enzymes.
What are statins?
A conscious patient with shakiness, diaphoresis, and a blood glucose of 58 mg/dL should be treated first with this method before reassessing glucose in 15 minutes.
What is giving (15 grams of fast-acting) a carbohydrate snack?
When teaching proper use of a metered-dose inhaler with a corticosteroid, the nurse instructs the patient to perform this action after each use to prevent oral candidiasis.
What is rinsing the mouth after use?
This class of eye drops lowers intraocular pressure in glaucoma by increasing aqueous humor outflow and may cause permanent iris darkening.
What are prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost)?
This class of antihypertensive medications blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, may cause a persistent dry cough, and requires monitoring of potassium levels.
What are ACE inhibitors?
This newer class of Type 2 diabetic medications works by increasing glucose excretion in the urine and requires monitoring for urinary tract infections and genital yeast infections.
What are SGLT2 inhibitors?
(Sodium-glucose co-transporter; Canaglifozin, empagliflozin)
This bronchodilator requires monitoring of serum drug levels due to a narrow therapeutic index and can cause tachycardia, insomnia, and dysrhythmias if levels become elevated.
What is theophylline?
The nurse is reviewing health histories of several postmenopausal patients seeking relief from severe hot flashes. Which patient is NOT an appropriate candidate for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
A. A 52-year-old with bothersome vasomotor symptoms and no significant medical history
B. A 49-year-old with premature menopause and decreased bone density
C. A 58-year-old with a history of deep vein thrombosis
D. A 51-year-old with insomnia and vaginal dryness
What is C?