Drug Use in Modern Society
This act prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs.
What is the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act?
Page 49
Name the four regions of a neuron.
1. Cell body
2. Dendrites
3. Axon
4. Axon Terminals
Which route of administration gets a drug to the brain more quickly?
Intravenous Injection
Page 108 & 110
Dr. W. S. Halsted, the "father of American surgery," experimented with cocaine's ability to produce....
Local anesthesia
Page 121
Identify the route of administration of sublingual medications.
They are placed under the tongue.
Page 149
In about what year did drug use in the United States peak?
1980
Page 11 & 12
Which neurotransmitter seems to have only inhibitory receptors?
GABA
Page 87
The ________ of a drug specifies a particular formulation and manufacturer, and the trademark belongs to that manufacturer.
Brand Name.
Page 98
Use of cocaine during pregnancy has been clearly linked to many kinds of birth defects and mental retardation.
True or False?
False
Page 130
The major advantage of the benzodiazepines over the barbiturates seems to be the...
Greater safety margin.
Page 146
Name one risk factor and one protective factor related to the family/parents.
Knowing adults who use marijuana or other substances.
Having parents as a source of social support.
Page 14
Alzheimer's disease produces a loss of which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Page 81
Richard is a researcher in a pharmaceutical company. His company develops a new drug to treat chronic joint pain in humans. He wants to check the effect of this drug on a group of elderly people. He divides the group into an experimental group and a control group. He gives the new drug to the experimental group, while he gives a noneffective look-alike drug to the control group. Both groups give the same result. Identify the effect felt by the control group, despite not taking the drug.
Placebo Effect or Nonspecific Effect
Page 101
Amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the Chinese herb ma huang.
That chemical is:
Ephedrine or Ephedra
Page 131
________ are defined as drugs that are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders and to reduce anxiety.
A) Anxiogenics
B) Analgesics
C) Entheogens
D) Anxiolytics
D) Anxiolytics
Page 149
What are four ways in which drug use might theoretically cause crime?
1 Drug use changes the individual's personality in a lasting way, making him/her into a "criminal type".
2. The effects of a drug make a person temporarily more likely to engage in criminal behavior.
3. Crimes are carried out for the purpose of obtaining money to purchase illicit drugs.
4. Illicit drug use in itself is a crime.
Page 39
The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called ________.
Synthesis
Page 86
Which of the following statements is true of the potency of a drug?
A) The smaller the amount needed to get a particular effect, the more potent the drug.
B) Potency strongly relates to how effective a drug is or to how large an effect the drug can produce.
C) Potency refers to the relative lethal dose of a drug, especially the cannabinoids and the opioids.
D) The ED50 (the effective dose for 50 percent of the animals) of a potent drug is higher than the ED50 of a less potent drug.
A) The smaller the amount needed to get a particular effect, the more potent the drug.
Page 104
What did the 1914 Harrison Act do?
Taxed importation and sale of coca, cocaine, and opium.
Page 125
GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid)...
A) is derived from morning glory seeds.
B) occurs naturally in the brain.
C) is a gas used to make whipped cream.
D) blocks the intoxicating effects of alcohol.
B) occurs naturally in the brain.
Page 157
What three phases of clinical drug testing are required before a new drug application can be approved.
1. Phase One encompasses studies with relatively low doses of the drug on a limited number of healthy people. At this stage researchers are primarily interested in learning how their drug is absorbed and excreted in healthy people, as well as side effects it may trigger.
2. Phase Two of the human studies involves patients who have the condition the candidate drug is designed to treat. These studies involve a few hundred patients who are chosen because a new a drug may help them.
3. Phase Three administers the drug to larger numbers of individuals with the disease or symptom for which the drug is intended. If the compound proves effective in phase three, the FDA balances it dangers against the benefits before releasing it to the public.
Page 53-54
Which of the following systems in the human brain tends to act more as a unit and is responsible to open the bronchi, reduces blood supply to the skin, increases the heart rate, and reduces stomach motility?
Sympathetic
Page 79
The most common way for drug molecules to be deactivated is by:
The action of CYP450 enzymes in the liver.
Page 114
What is cocaine's effects in the brain?
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, causing a prolonged effect of these neurotransmitters.
Page 127
Amyl nitrite is still used in emergency medicine as a treatment for...
Cyanide poisoning
Page 156