Hemostasis Basics
This is the body’s natural process that causes bleeding to stop after a blood vessel injury.
What is hemostasis?
This is the final protein web formed over the injured area to stop blood loss.
What is fibrin?
This parenteral anticoagulant inactivates several clotting factors within minutes after IV administration.
What is heparin?
This oral anticoagulant inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
What is warfarin?
This is the most concerning adverse effect of anticoagulants.
What is increased bleeding risk?
These small blood components become sticky, adhere to the injured area, and clump together to plug the damaged vessel.
What are platelets?
This vitamin is required to make some clotting factors.
What is vitamin K?
This low-molecular-weight heparin is also known by the brand name Lovenox.
What is enoxaparin?
This lab value is commonly monitored in patients taking warfarin.
What is INR?
These drugs are also called antifibrinolytics and are used to increase clotting.
What are hemostatics?
These are the three main steps of hemostasis.
What are vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation?
This organ produces many clotting factors.
What is the liver?
Compared with heparin, LMWHs usually require less frequent monitoring of this lab test
What is aPTT?
These two DOACs are Factor Xa inhibitors.
What are rivaroxaban and apixaban?
These drugs are used to dissolve blood clots that have already formed.
What are thrombolytics?
This term means narrowing of the blood vessel to reduce blood flow after injury.
What is vasoconstriction?
Both pathways lead to Factor X activation, then thrombin formation, then conversion of fibrinogen into this.
What is fibrin?
LMWHs may be given by this route at home
What is subcutaneous injection?
The usual INR target range is this.
What is 2 to 3?
This ADP receptor blocker is also known by the brand name Plavix.
What is clopidogrel?
Hemostasis requires a delicate balance between these two conditions.
What are blood fluidity/flow and coagulation?
Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways lead to the activation of this clotting factor.
What is Factor X?
This medication reverses heparin overdose.
What is protamine sulfate?
These oral anticoagulants may be used to prevent stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation when anticoagulation is appropriate.
What are DOACs?
Anticoagulant therapy may begin with these routes to achieve rapid onset before switching to oral therapy.
What are IV or subcutaneous routes?