Basic Term and Principles
Maximum concentration of drug in the body after administration
Peak
5 classes in which drugs are placed depending on their potential for abuse.
DEA Controlled Substance Schedule
Nursing consideration with phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia. Dental hygiene is crucial
rest and digest
PANS
MOA for muscle relaxants or indication for MR
Act predominantly within the CNS to relieve pain associated with skeletal muscle spasms.
Muscle Spasms, MS spasticity
The time for 50% of a drug to be removed from the body
Half-life
Side effects of opioids include...
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Constipation
N/V
Addiction/Tolerance
THE BIGGEST IMPLICATION WHEN ADM. ANTI-APILEPTICS
NO GRAPEFRUITS
Bethanechol indication
reduce urinary retention
Benztropine (Cogentin) side effects
SLUD (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urinary retention, Defecation)
A dose required to immediately achieve a plasma concentration equivalent to a steady state concentration
Loading Dose
Opioid Agonist and S/S of when to administer it
Narcan (Naloxone)
Respiratory depression, HOTN, Dysrhythmia, withdrawl
Treatment and prophylaxis of focal seizures & neuropathy
Gabapentin
CHOLINERGIC CRISIS s/s
Increased sweating, urination, diarrhea
Bradycardia
Emesis and GI cramps
THINK SLUDGE
Pentobarbital and Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital: used for preop anxiety and produces sedation
Phenobarbital: used for prevention of seizures; anticonvulsant
A barrier system that restricts the passage of certain things (chemicals, bacteria, viruses, etc.) between the bloodstream and the central nervous system
Nursing considerations for opioid administration
- Assessment of respiratory status
-Vital signs
-Educate client on side effects
-Fall risk management
-Pain assessment
3 goals of seizure therapy
control, prevention, maintain quality of life
Cholinergic crisis antidote
Atropine
Benzodiazepine uses and antidote
Sedation, anxiety, and agitation
Antidote: Flumazenil
ADME stands for...
Administration: Movement of a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream for distribution to tissues
Distribution: Transportation of a drug by the bloodstream to the site of action, being distributed to areas with extensive blood supply
Metabolism: Involves the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite a more soluble, potent active metabolite
Excretion: The elimination of a drug from the body. All eventually becomes removed from the body
What receptors do opioids act on to reduce pain
Mu-opioid receptors
Which anti-epileptic drug is safe during pregnancy?
Lamotrigine
Implications for anti-cholinergics
Assess: vision, cardiac, mucous membranes
Caution w/ driving d/t blurred vision & light sensitivity
Candy/gum can help with dry mouth
Report palpitations/confusion
Contraindicated with Glaucoma
Safety Education when taking muscle relaxants
Do not operate heavy machinery, do not drive, overall caution with other CNS depressants, avoid alcohol