Respiratory
These medications provide relief of bronchoconstriction and reduce secretions in clients who have COPD by working through the parasympathetic system
Inhaled anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonists)
This med class causes reduction of heart rate, decreased contractile force, and a lesser impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node. For these reasons, they are used for numerous cardiac conditions such as hypertension, angina pectoris, dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and heart failure
Beta blocker
I'm a non-selective beta blocker that has the potential to cause blood sugar to drop in people with diabetes
propranolol
What priority assessment should the nurse complete prior to giving a betablocker?
heartrate; hold and report to provider if heartrate is < 60 BPM
Signs/symptoms of digoxin toxicity
the onset of anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, fatigue, and confusion can indicate that the serum levels is above therapeutic level. A pulse rate that is irregular, if pulse is typically regular, and below 60 beats per minute are also indications of digoxin toxicity Yellow-green halos in vision
stimulates Beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles; used to treat or prevent bronchospasm
short-acting beta-2 agonist; albuterol
act on the ascending loop of Henle, treat pulmonary edema in heart failure, edema caused by renal, hepatic, or cardiac failure not affected by other diuretics,
Loop diureics
a non-selective adrenergic agonist medication that stimulates arterial vasoconstriction (alpha1 and alpha2 receptors), positive chronotropic and inotropic response (increased heart rate and contractility by the beta1 receptors), and arterial vasodilation (coronary artery vasodilation), bronchodilation, and increased glucose levels by glycogenolysis, the breaking down of stored glucose in liver (beta2 receptors).
Epinephrine
medication class that stops platelets from clumping together; targets blood's clotting factors directly
antiplatelet; (Clopidrgrel,
antidote for warfarin
Vitamin K
Ipratropium med class and side effects
short acting anticholinergics or muscarinic antagonists (SAMA)
Med class that reduces LDL or low-density-lipo-proteins known as “bad” cholesterol, and triglycerides, also called VLDLs, very-low-density-lipo-proteins and increases the amount of HDL, high-density-lipoproteins known as “good” cholesterol. recommended as first-line therapy for hyperlipidemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and have proven beneficial clinical outcomes.
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins,
produce their antihypertensive effect by blocking production of angiotensin II.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Major/life threatening effect of an ACE inhibitor (Lisinopril, Captopril)
Angioedema; facial, lip or airway swelling. Medication should be stopped immediately.
Why is it important to taper alpha 2 agonists, such as Clonidine
Centrally acting alpha2 agonists can cause CNS effects such as drowsiness and dizziness, as well as xerostomia (dry mouth). Rebound hypertensive crisis may result if the client abruptly discontinues clonidine.
Main side effect of inhaled glucocorticoids
Inhaled glucocorticoids can cause oral candidiasis, which is a yeast infection of the mouth, as well as hoarseness and difficulty speaking.
Remind patients to rinse mouth and/or gargle after using this inhaler
treat and prevent angina pectoris. Rapid-acting forms, which include transmucosal tablets, lingual spray and sublingual tablets, treat an angina attack. Longer-acting forms such as regular tablets, and immediate-release or sustained-release tablets or capsules, prevent angina attacks from occurring
nitrates, such as nitroglycerine
Vitamin K antagonist
warfarin
What lab should be checked if rhabdomyolysis is suspected?
creatinine kinase levels
Fibrin, a sticky protein, is a clotting factor that forms a mesh. The fibrin mesh traps red blood cells within its layers to create a fibrin clot. This medication class works to break down the clot.
anti-thrombolytic; Alteplase (tPA)
oral medications that are normally prescribed as adjunctive therapy, to assist in decreasing bronchoconstriction and inflammation, when other anti-inflammatory medications are not able to produce the desired therapeutic effect. They are used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Leukotriene inhibitors; Montelukast
med class and example that exhibits their antihypertensive effects by selectively activating alpha2 receptors in the brainstem areas of the central nervous system (CNS). This results in a reduction of sympathetic stimulation of the heart and associated blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure.
alpha2 agonist, clonidine, also called Catapres. Other centrally acting alpha2 agonist medications are methyldopa and guanfacine.
medication class that stops fibrin clot formation; inhibits blood clotting components; specifically targets platelets
anticoagulants (Warfarin, Heparin, Enoxaparin, Apixaban)
Medication class that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (stops the breakdown of acetylcholine), increase acetylcholine levels.
±Examples: Donepezil (Alzheimer’s), Pyridostigmine (Myasthenia Gravis).
Indirect-Acting Muscarinic Agonists (Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors)
±Mimic acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, enhancing PNS effects.
±Examples: Pilocarpine (for glaucoma), Bethanechol (for urinary retention).
Muscarinic Agonists (Direct-Acting)