Hematology
You are reviewing the laboratory values of an outpatient who is on anticoagulant therapy. The laboratory tests show a less than desired level of anticoagulation. The patient states that the drug has been taken as prescribed. Which food would you advise the patient to avoid while on anticoagulant therapy?
Spinach, Green leafy vegetables
Which side effects are most common among women taking hormone replacement therapy for menopause?
Breast tenderness and fluid retention
An older patient who takes a daily NSAID for arthritis pain has been prescribed aspirin as an antiplatelet agent. What information regarding risks associated with aspirin use should be included in this teaching plan?
The risk for gastrointestinal bleeding
The parent of an infant you are caring for asks you for the correct schedule for the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine schedule during the first year. What is your best response?
“DTaP is given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.”
Osteoporosis occurs to some degree in all older adults, but the increased risk and severity of osteoporosis occurrence are related to:
Long-term use of corticosteroids
Patient is a smoker
Sedentary lifestyle
A patient with a clotting disorder is prescribed an anticoagulant and asks you to explain the purpose of anticoagulant therapy. What is your best response?
Anticoagulants are used to prevent new clot formation
A patient with adrenal hypofunction has a known aldosterone deficiency and has been prescribed Fludrocortisone (Florinef). The patient asks you how this drug works to treat this problem. What is your best response?
“This drug acts like natural aldosterone in the body.”
Which bone or joint is most likely to be adversely affected by bisphosphonates?
Jawbone
Which type of vaccine contains antigens that are killed by heat, radiation, or chemicals?
Inactivated vaccine
A male patient is prescribed androgen therapy with testosterone 100 mg IM every 4 weeks. What finding will you teach the patient to report to the prescriber immediately?
Fluid retention, especially in the hands and feet
You are teaching a patient who has been prescribed apixaban (Eliquis) about symptoms of drug overdose. What symptom should you alert the patient to report?
Bleeding from the gums while brushing the teeth
What is one of the adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy for menopause?
Blood clots
What signs or symptoms would you expect to see in a patient who develops bleeding as a result of anticoagulant therapy?
Easy bruising
Bleeding gums
Tarry-colored stool
Shortness of breath
Which type of immunity serves to protect against day-to-day general pathogen exposure?
Innate immunity
An adult patient who is the recipient of a kidney transplant is prescribed the antirejection drug mycophenolate. What potential problem should you monitor this patient for?
Signs and symptoms of infection
A patient who is taking an anticoagulant informs you that the herbal supplement St. John’s wort is taken daily for depression. What should you teach the patient about the use of herbal supplements with anticoagulant therapy?
Herbal drugs may increase the risk of bleeding
A patient experiencing symptoms related to menopause asks you to explain the cause of her symptoms. What is your best response?
“Symptoms of menopause are caused by low levels of estrogen and high levels of FSH.”
What should a woman who takes a combination oral contraceptives do if she misses two consecutive doses?
Finish the package as prescribed for the rest of the cycle and use an additional method of contraception
A pregnant woman who transfers antibodies to her baby during breast-feeding is an example of what type of immunity?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
A patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism has been prescribed treatment with a thyroid hormone agonist. The patient asks you how long this drug will need to be taken. What is your best response?
“You will need to take this drug for the rest of your life.”
A patient with atrial fibrillation has been prescribed the drug dabigatran (Pradaxa). The patient asks you what the advantage of this drug may be over warfarin (Coumadin). What is your best response?
“This drug does not require frequent laboratory testing.”
Which of the following patients is most at risk for adverse effects related to the use of oral contraceptives?
A 37-year-old woman who has a history of smoking
You are assessing a patient with hypothyroidism. What signs and symptoms will you observe when assessing this patient?
Always feels cold when others are comfortable
Gains weight while eating minimal amounts
Fatigue, no energy
In acquired immunity, what is the body’s response to antigen exposure?
The body produces an antibody response to the specific microorganism
Which assessment is most important to perform before giving an elderly patient who is prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid) the first dose of the drug?
Measuring heart rate and blood pressure