Analgesia
Nociception is defined as this.
What is detection by the nervous system of the potential for, or actual occurrence of, tissue injury?
Barbituates were previously one of the most commonly used general anesthetics for these reasons.
What is low cost, ease of use, and relative safety for healthy animals?
The acronym NSAID stands for this.
What is a Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug?
Status Epilepticus is defined as a seizure with the following traits.
What is a single seizure continuing for more than 5 minutes, or one seizure being rapidly followed by another seizure without any time to recover
This drug is sold only as a combination product with Zolezapam.
What is Tiletamine?
Somatic pain originates from the ___ system and can be ___ or ___.
What is the musculoskeletal system, superficial, and deep?
What is anesthetic induction and repeat boluses or CRI for anesthetic maintenance?
These 5 effects are known as the cardinal signs of inflammation.
What are redness, heat, swelling/edema, pain, and loss of function?
When considering administering a reversal agent, these things must be considered.
What is pre-existing analgesia, anesthetic depth/stage of surgery, and availability of reversals?
This medication, upon repeated injection, can cause drug accumulation in tissues that increases the risk of seizure activity during a prolonged recovery.
What is Ketamine?
The pain pathway is made up of these steps.
What is transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception?
This medication is a great choice when inducing animals with moderate to severe heart disease or shock.
What is Etomidate?
This medication is a topically applied NSAID commonly used in horses with distal joint lameness.
What is Diclofenac Sodium (SURPASS)?
This respiratory stimulant is used to stimulate respiration in neonates after dystocia or C-section.
What is Doxapram (Dopram)?
These effects on the respiratory system are commonly seen with overdoses/higher doses of dissociative anesthetics.
What are apneustic respiration, severe respiratory depression, and respiratory arrest
Leaving pain untreated can have negative effects on these functions in a patient.
What is behavior, physiology, metabolism, and immune system function?
These patients see increased potency and exaggerated effects when medicated with propofol.
What are hypoprotenemic (<3 g/dL plasma protein) patients?
After Tylenol ingestion, these symptoms can be noted in dogs and cats.
What is chocolate colored mucous membranes, dark urine, increased RBC hemolysis, and heinz bodies noted on blood smears?
The following 3 medications can be used to treat a seizing patient.
What is injectable phenobarbital, diazepam, and midazolam?
Dissociative anesthetics are contraindicated and cautioned in these kinds of patients. Explain why.
What are patients with cranial trauma or ocular surgery (because of increased intracranial and intraocular pressures) and patients with hepatic or renal disease (may be excreted unchanged in urine instead of being redistributed and metabolized)?
The following are pain related BEHAVIORAL changes that might be observed.
What are :
- changes in gait or activity level
- vocalization (SA>LA)
- positional changes / frequent movements
- changes in facial expressions, appearance, and attitude
- dogs present with a glazed, blank stare
- cats present with squinted eyes and furrowed brows
- cattle present with teeth grinding
This term defines a normal QRS complex that alternates with an abnormal complex. It is a non life-threatening side effect from this medication(s).
What is Bigeminy and barbiturates?
This is the one of the principal processes by which inflammatory mediators are generated.
What is the Arachiadonic Acid Pathway/Cascade?
Name (at least) 5 kinds of patients that will experience greater risk when going under anesthesia.
What are -
neonates, geriatrics, brachycephalic dogs, sighthounds, obese animals, animals with recent trauma, cardiac patients, respiratory patients, hepatic/renal disease patients, and those undergoing a c-section delivery of kittens of puppies.
These 7 effects on the central nervous system characterize dissociative anesthesia.
What are exaggerated responses, sensitivity to sensory stimuli, amnesia, analgesia, normal or increased muscle tone, ocular effects, and cataleptoid state?