Basic Pharm
Cardio
Gastro
Respiratory
CNS
Abbreviations
Autonomic NS
AntiInfectives
Hormones
100
What are the 4 processes involved in pharmacokinetics
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
100
Name three symptoms of right sided heart failure?
Weight gain, Dependent edema, JVD, ascites, and fatigue
100
Which class of medication should be avoided or used with caution because they have been associated with causing gastric ulcers?
NSAIDs
100
Common side effects and precautions of first generation Antihistamines?
SE: drowsiness, dry mouth (drying of resp. secretions), constipation
Precautions: Caution to avoid alcohol or other CNS Depressants, Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery, Fall risk Precautions
100
What is Narcan, and what would it be used for?
Opioid antagonist. Used for overdose with opioids. No effect if no opioids present.
100
bid
tid
qid
Stat
Twice a Day
Three times a Day
Four times a Day
NOW (or ASAP)
100
Priority assessments for beta blockers
BP, HR, Respiratory assessment and Weight
100
These two antibiotics classes have a similar chemical structure and have a potential for cross sensitivity.
Penicillin and Cephalosporins
100
Which class of oral anti-diabetics needs to be held 48 hours after a CT with contrast?
Biguanides
Glucophage (metformin)
200
What is Bioavailability
The proportion of a drug or other substance which enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an ACTIVE EFFECT
200
Name 3 side effects of ACE inhibitors
Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Dizziness, cough, and angioedema
200
How long should Antacids be spaced out from other medications?
1-2 hours
200
What are two key teaching points for a patient taking Fluticasone (Flovent)
- Not for emergency (takes two to three weeks to reach effective levels)
-When taking both a bronchodilator and a steroid inhaler, the bronchodilator is taken first.
-Have patient rinse mouth after use
-Monitor for signs of respiratory infections
200
What are the three uses for NSAIDs?
Additionally, what property dose ASA have?
List 3 side effects of NSAIDs.
NSAIDs: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic.
ASA: Antiplatelet
SE: Bleeding, GI intolerance, Angioedema, CV effects (stroke, MI), and Renal impairment
200
IM
IV
SQ
PO
SL
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Oral
Sublingual
200
Describe Beta 1 and Beta 2 locations and how the body responds when they are BLOCKED.
Beta 1= Heart
Decreased heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, workload of the heart, Decrease BP
Beta 2= Lungs
smooth muscle of bronchi: constriction narrowing of airways and SOB
200
Gentamycin is what type of ATB?
What labs would you monitor with this?
Aminoglycoside
BUN, Cr, GFR, peak and trough
200
Names the three P's of hyperglycemia
Polyuria, Polydipsia, polyphagia
300
What is First Pass effect?
The liver enzymes break the drug into metabolites some active and some that are deactivated and readily excreted from the body. A large portion of the drug is destroyed at this point and never reaches the tissues. Unique to oral medications
300
How do cardiac glycosides work in the body?
What do they treat?
What side effects are we monitoring for toxicity?
Increase intracellular Ca by allowing more Ca to enter myocardial cells which increases force of contraction.
HF, Afib
Bradycardia, vision changes, halos, N/V/D
300
What Class of GI medication, used for GERD, effectiveness is greatly decreased by smoking?
H2 Blockers
300
Name the layers of the Bronchial and what medications would work on each layer 
Bronchodilators=muscle layer
Anti-inflammatories=mucus membrane layer
Mucolytics=mucus build up in lumen
300
What class of medication is Tylenol?
What is the dose limit?
What major organ is affected by toxicity of this medication?
Non-opioid pain reliever
2-3 g per day
Liver
300
OD
OS
OU
OD- Right eye
OS Left eye
OU- Both eyes
300
Sympathetic Nervous system affects on:
Cardiac activity (HR BP)
Lung Bronchi and RR
Pupils
GI
Increase BP (vasoconstriction) and HR
Bronchi Dilate, increased RR
Pupils dilate
Decreased GI motility
300
What is a peak and trough, and when/why would we use them?
The highest level of drug in the system and lowest drug level in the system. Draw 1 hour after administration (gernerally) and right before next dose. Used to prevent toxicity/therapeutic levels and ensure the drug is in therapeutic range. If toxicity is suspected, we would draw a drug level.
300
List the symptoms of hypoglycemia, and what nursing actions would would take?
anxiety, confusion, weakness, tremors, hunger, diaphoresis, Pale, cool, and Tachycardia
Check a Blood sugar! Give Simple and complex carbs. If can swallow and alert, give oral, if not then IV, buccal, or IM.
400
What are the consequences of highly protein bound medications if someone has low protein?
Increased Drug effects
400
List 2 centrally acting calcium channel blockers and 1 peripheral acting calcium channel blocker.
What side effects are we concerned about with each?
Centrally: diltiazem (Cardizem), Verapamil (Calan)
SE: Hypotension, bradycardia, Heart blocks
Peripherally: amlodipine (Norvasc)
SE: Hypotension
400
What class of GI medications completely stops acid production and can lead to stomach infections?
PPI's
400
A patient was given Albuterol (Ventolin) via a nebulizer for an asthma exacerbation. The patent calls the nurse into the room complaining of feeling "shaky" and HR of 120, BP 130/72, RR 18. Given this assessment data, what does the nurse believe the patient is experiencing?
Systemic side effects from the SABA. This is common with large doses and nebulized treatments.
400
List three adverse reactions of antiepileptics.
SE: Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Respiratory depression, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis
400
AD
AS
AU
AD- Right ear
AS- Left ear
AU- Both ears
400
Parasympathetic Nervous system affects on:
Cardiac activity (HR BP)
Lung Bronchi and RR
Pupils
GI
Decrease HR and BP
Constriction of Bronchi, Decreased RR
Pupils Constrict
Relaxation of GI sphincters (increase motility)
400
Describe the symptoms of phlebitis and allergic reaction and what steps the nurse should take with each?
Phlebitis- Redness, tenderness, pain at infusion site. --Remove IV and start at another location
Allergic Reaction- SOB, Rash, Anxiety, Swelling--Stop infusion FIRST, obtain vitals/ apply O2, prepare for administration of epi, H1 and H2 blockers and steriods.
400
When giving thyroid replacement medication levothyroxine, what side effect should you teach the patient to seek medication attention?
Chest pain, increased heart rate > 20 beats above bassline for 1 or more weeks.
Signs of hypothyroidism: Obesity, Lethargy/fatigue, Bradycardia, Pale, Loss of hair, Intolerance to cold, Decreased body temperature, and Goiter
500
What is metabolism (relating to medications) and what organ typically preforms this function?
The process by which drugs are changed into new, less active chemicals. (Or active form in the case of a prodrug).
Liver
500
List the Lab monitoring and Antidote for Coumadin and Heparin.
Coumadin: Pt, INR... Vitamin K... (green leafy veggies)
Heparin: PTT, aPTT...Protamine sulfate...
500
Name one contraindication for antidiarrheals?
What is the recommended duration of therapy?
Drug allergy, Bowel obstruction, Infectious diarrhea, under two years of age.
Not more than 2 days
500
List 3 Side effects for short term and long term use of systemic Corticosteroids.
Short term: Increase in blood sugar, Increase in production of WBC’s, Delayed wound healing, Increased fluid retention, Increase blood pressure, and Decreased potassium
Long Term: Weight gain/Fat redistribution, Decrease in bone density, Fragile skin, Thinning hair, Loss of muscle mass and strength, Buffalo hump, and moon face.
500
What generation of anti-psychotics tend to have more side effects?
What are those side effects?
First (typical)
SE: Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)
((Tardive Dyskinesia, Acute dystonia, Akathesia))
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
500
PRN
qh
qd
qod
hs
ad lib
As needed
Every hour
Every day
Every other day
At bedtime
As desired
500
What is the expected therapeutic response to Atropine given IV?
Increased Heart rate
500
What class of ATB is not for children under 8 and can cause permanent tooth discoloration?
Tetracyclines
500
How long does it take for thyroid suppression medication Tapazole or PTU to take effect?
2-3 weeks
Signs of hyperthyroidism: Increased body temperature/Fever, Tachycardia, Palpitations, Flushing, Intolerance to heat, Weight loss, Goiter, and Exophthalmus