Up and Down (Regulation)
The effect a specific pharmaceutical agonist will have on the population of cellular receptors that it binds to.
What is down-regulation?
The two portions of the nephron where hydrochlorothiazide exerts its diuretic action.
What is the ascending loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule?
The dose of acetylsalicylic acid necessary to irreversibly block thromboxane A2.
What is 81 mg?
The class of anti-arrhythmic agents that block voltage-sensitive potassium channels, lenghthening the refractory period of the myocardium.
What is a class III anti-arrhythmic agent?
The downstream effect atenolol exerts by blocking beta 1 receptors in the kidney.
What is down-regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, resulting in vasodilation and decreased reabsorption of sodium.
A substance that industrial workers may be exposed to that results in down-regulation of receptors, and life-threatening side effects if nitroglycerin is abruptly discontinued.
What are organic nitrates?
The two diuretics we studied this semester that predispose patients to gout (through two entirely different mechanisms).
What are hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide?
The potential adverse effect of taking NSAIDs in the third trimester of pregnancy.
What is premature closure of the ductus arteriosus?
A potentially deadly arrhythmia caused by the concomitant use of anti-arrhythmic medications.
What is a torsades de pointes arrhythmia?
The effect ACE inhibitors have on bradykinin.
What is inihibited metabolism/break-down of bradykinin, leading to increased levels of nitrous oxide?
This causes up-regulation of beta adrenergic receptors, resulting in possible myocardial infarction and death if abruptly discontinued.
What is long-term use of beta-blockers?
The portion of the nephron where aldosterone binds, stimulating the re-absorption of sodium in exchange for potassium.
What is the collecting tubule?
An NSAID with a relatively long half-life that reversibly binds to cyclooxygenase I and cyclooxygenase II.
What is naproxen?
You can only initiate treatment with this anti-arrhythmic drug in a hospital setting.
What is amiodarone?
The two classes of antihypertensives that are recommended for diabetic nephropathy.
What are ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?
A drug that works through inactivating macrophages, leading to a decreased release of inflammatory cytokines, ultimately down-regulating T-lymphocytes.
What is hydroxychloroquine?
Each of the serum electrolytes that may be depleted due to long-term use of hydrochlorothiazide.
What are sodium, potassium, chloride and magnesium?
The cytokine that the DMARD, adalimumab, binds to.
The effects selective beta 1 blockers like metoprolol have on heart rate and contractility.
What are negative chronotropic and negative ionotropic effects?
The last letters that all Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers have in common.
What are the letters "-SARTAN"?
The likely impact of amantadine on post-synaptic dopamine receptors.
What is down-regulation?
This drug and this class of drugs may cause permanent hearing loss if used concomitantly.
What are furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics?
The drug that may result in patient death when taken with colchicine.
What is clarithromycin?
The effects digitalis has on heart rate and contractility.
What are negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects?
One class of drugs and one specific pharmaceutical that may cause heart block when taken in conjunction with a beta blocker.
What are calcium channel blockers and digitalis?