Pharmacology Concepts and Terminology
AU is the abbreviation for this.
What is "both ears?"
This short-acting, lipophilic intravenous anesthetic is frequently used for induction and must be given slowly to avoid apnea.
What is propofol?
In this part of the pain pathway, a mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimulus is converted into a nerve impulse.
What is transduction?
This is the only SSRI FDA-approved for use in dogs.
What is fluoxetine?
This group of 'minor tranquilizers,' including diazepam and midazolam, are used for sedation, muscle relaxation, and as anticonvulsants.
What are benzodiazepines?
This drug administration route always results in 100% absorption.
What is intravenous?
Local anesthetics mostly impact this part of the pain pathway.
What is transmission?
These are the four cardinal signs of inflammation.
What are redness, heat, pain, and swelling?
This is a life-threatening phenomenon that can occur when certain drugs are combined with SSRIs. Clinical signs include restlessness, tremors, dilated pupils, hyperthermia.
What is serotonin syndrome?
This α₂-agonist is commonly used as a sedative in horses but is noted for its emetic properties in cats.
What is xylazine?
This term refers to the time required for the concentration of a drug in the body to be reduced by exactly 50%
What is half-life?
Inadvertent IV administration of these can cause CNS excitement, cardiac arrythmias and severe respiratory depression.
What are local anesthetics?
This NMDA receptor antagonist impacts the modulation step of the pain pathway and can prevent wind-up.
What is ketamine?
Behavioral drugs are often used in combination with this approach when addressing conditions such as separation anxiety, phobias, psychogenic alopecia, or urine marking.
What is behavior modification?
This phenothiazine tranquilizer provides sedation but no analgesia and is known for causing vasodilation and hypotension in many species.
What is acepromazine?
In drug dosing, this condition is reached when the rate of drug administration exactly equals the rate of drug elimination.
What is steady state?
This measurement of anesthetic potency represents the concentration of gas that prevents movement in 50% of patients.
What is minimum alveolar concentration, or MAC?
This enzyme facilitates the production of prostaglandins via the arachidonic acid cascade.
What is cyclooxygenase?
This tricyclic antidepressant is FDA-approved for use in separation anxiety in dogs.
What is clomipramine?
This barbiturate anticonvulsant induces, or increases, it's own metabolism, as well as the metabolism of other drugs.
What is phenobarbital?
This pharmacological phenomenon occurs when the concentration of an orally administered drug is greatly reduced by the liver before it can reach systemic circulation.
What is first-pass effect?
Because this is higher in isoflurane, as compared to sevoflurane, onset and recovery from anesthesia are slower.
What is solubility?
This enzyme in the arachidonic acid cascade is targeted by glucocorticoids such as prednisone.
What is LOX (or lipoxygenase)?
This SARI (Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor) is a go-to for post-surgical confinement; it works by blocking 5-HT2A receptors, providing both anxiety relief and mild sedation
What is trazodone?
This is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and midazolam.
What is enhancement of the inhibitory effect of GABA?