General Drug Category
Give the definition: sympathomimetics
What is a medication administered to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system?
Give the definition of pharmacodynamics and what makes it different from pharmokinetics
What is what the drug does to the body? Pharmacokinetics is what body does to the drug
Neurotransmitters of sympathetic and parasympathetics nervous systems
What is norepinephrine and acetylcholine?
Convert 150 lbs to kilos
What is 68.1 kilos?
(divide by 2.2)
OR
cut in half and then subtract 10%
5 R’S
What is:
Drug, patient, dose, route, time
A medication that binds with heavy metals in the body and creates a compound that can be eliminated
What is a chelating agent?
Initiates or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites, promoting cell response
What is an agonist medication?
Admin of calcium
Should be diluted as a drip medication for slow IV infusion, should be given IV push over 30 secs, precipitation in IV tubing has been known to occur
Give how oral meds are metabolized/absorbed
What is absorbed through GI tract, which is then brought to the liver where it is subjected to first pass metabolism
Leukotrienes function and treatment
Group of inflammatory mediators produced by immune system that are involved in allergic diseases (constricts airway muscles)
Leukotriene receptor antagonists (Singulair, Accolate)
Drugs used in the treatment of heart failure and certain atrial dysrhythmias
What is digitalis preparations?
Give the 3 types of antagonist medication mechanisms
What is competitive, non-competitive antagonist, and partial antagonist?
Class II: beta blocking agents
Inhibits catecholamine activation of beta receptor sites
Metoprolol/Lopressor
Give steps to admining meds via ET
What is:
administer at least 2 to 2.5 times IV dose
Follow with 5-10 mL flush with sterile water or normal saline
Normal practice is to add med and saline flush together at same time
5 Phases of Cardiac Cell Activity
Phase 0: Rapid depolarization
Phase 1: early repolarization
Phase 2: plateau
Phase 3: repolarization
Give mechanism and effect of sodium bicarbonate
What is: bicarbonate ions bind with excess hydrogen ions => raise pH and decrease acidity of body fluids
Give functions of M2, M3, and M4 receptors
What is:
M2 (cardiac): decrease heart rate/contractility
M3: stimulate gland secretion/smooth muscle contraction
M4: act on K/Ca channels
Give function of corticosteroids and examples
Reduce airway inflammation and improve oxygenation/ventilation
Cortisone, hydrocortisone, and predisone
Give bioavailability of IV and IM respectively
What is 100% and 75-100% ?
Class I: Antidysrhythmic medications (slows movement of sodium in cardiac cells)
What is procainamide and lidocaine?
Give function of vasopressin
What is increases wayer reabsorption in kidney resulting in more concentrated urine
Versed Admin and treatment
High doses needed for adequate sedation, can be used for active seizures, best used for maintenance sedation
Flumazenil: reverses effects of diazepam and versed overdoses
Give functions of these beta agents: chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic
chronotropic: increases heart rate
inotropic: increase contractility
dromotropic: increase AV conduction and automaticity
Give reason to why nitro is given sublingually
What is: it would be deactivated b first pass metabolism
Give def of Stevens-Johnsons syndrome
What is a severe, possibly fatal reaction that mimics a burn, from med