ADHD Fundamentals
This ADHD subtype includes both inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.
What is combined type ADHD?
This drug class is first-line for ADHD in children >=6 years old.
What are stimulants?
This common adverse effect of stimulants often leads to weight loss in children.
What is decreased appetite?
This neurotransmitter is central to the "reward pathway" and addiction.
What is dopamine?
This opioid antagonist is used to reverse overdose.
This is the minimum number of symptoms required for diagnosis in children under 17.
What is 6 symptoms?
This stimulant works as a prodrug that must be activated orally, reducing abuse potential.
What is Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)?
This sleep-related side effect is frequently seen with stimulant therapy.
What is insomnia?
This mechanism increases dopamine by blocking its reuptake, seen with cocaine.
What is monoamine transporter inhibition?
This cannabinoid compound is response for marijuana's psychoactive effects.
What is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)?
ADHD symptoms must be present in at least this many settings to meet DSM-5 criteria.
What are 2 or more settings?
This neurotransmitter pair is primarily increased by stimulant medications via reuptake inhibition.
What is dopamine and norepinephrine?
What is rebound?
This receptor type is targeted by opiates and works via G-protein coupled signaling.
What are Opioid (mu, delta, kappa) receptors?
This hallucinogen works primarily on 5-HT2A serotonin receptors.
What is LSD?
This age is the cutoff before which ADHD symptoms must appear.
What is before age 12?
This non-stimulant ADHD medication carries a black box warning for hepatotoicity and suicidal ideation.
What is Atomoxetine (Strattera)?
This long-term concern requires monitoring of height and weight in pediatric patients.
This class of drugs (e.g., PCP, benzodiazepines) primarily act on which receptors.
What are ion channel modulators?
This stimulant both blocks sodium channels and inhibits catecholamine reuptake.
What is Cocaine?
This concept describes ADHD as a disorder primarily involving difficulty with response inhibition and self-regulation.
What is impaired self-regulation (or response inhibition deficit)?
These two alpha-2 agonists are commonly used as adjuncts for ADHD and help with irritability and aggression.
What is Clonidine and Guanfacine?
This psychiatric-related adverse effect can include moodiness, agitation, or withdrawn behavior.
What is depression or mood changes?
This hypothesis explains addiction as increased dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway leading to reinforcement.
What is the dopamine hypothesis of addiction?
This stimulant increases norepinephrine release and can cause prolonged wakefulness followed by a crash.
What is Amphetamine (or methamphetamine)?