STRUCTURE AND MUSCLE
Name three longitudinal muscles of pharynx.
Stylopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus
Which nerve plexus overlies the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
Pharyngeal Plexus
What is the function of tonsils?
To stop virus from entering through the mouth
Which of the phases of swallowing acts voluntarily?
Oral/buccal phase
Why eating salt-cured fish and meat might increase the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
- It releases carcinogen or
-It releases nitrosamine
The laryngopharynx is continuous with the esophagus on __ level.
On the level with the 3rd and 6th cervical vertebrae
How does the venous drainage from the palatine tonsil and pharynx drain into the external pharyngeal venous plexus?
via external palatine vein
What traps the pathogens?
Lymphocytes inside them
Which type of tongue muscles that helps in movement of the tongue?
Extrinsic muscle
Why adenoiditis cause a person mouth breathing ?
obstruct the passage of air from/at the nasal cavities through the choanae into the nasopharynx
What is opening that located at the lateral wall of nasopharynx?
Pharyngeal openings of the auditory tube
For motor innervation, all the muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) except for which muscle?
Stylopharyngeus muscle
What is a tonsillar (Waldeyer's) ring?
Formed when tonsils cluster
What muscle elevate the soft palate during swallowing?
Levator Veli Palatini muscle
List 2 symptoms of pharyngeal cancer
-may cause a hoarse voice
- difficulty swallowing
- difficulty breathing
- develop chest infections
-causes coughing
Between the superior constrictor muscle and the skull, what are the examples of structures passing through?
Between the superior constrictor muscle and the skull , the levator palatini muscle, the auditory tube and the ascending palatine artery pass through.
Which artery(s) branched off from the facial artery?
Tonsillar & ascending palatine artery
What is the pharyngeal tonsil?
This tonsil is also called adenoids
The oropharyngeal sensory receptor of the __ (CN) is involve in initiating and control the swallowing reflex.
glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Adenoiditis may cause impairment of hearing because it may cause obstruction of the
Eustachian tube
Below the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, what are the examples of structures passing through?
Below the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior laryngeal artery pass through.
List 2 branches that form the pharyngeal plexus.
Pharyngeal branches from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X), Branches from the external laryngeal nerve, Sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion (either 2)
What are some reasons kids get their tonsils removed?
What does oral preparatory stage mean?
The act of taking food, chewing it, mixing it with saliva, and forming it into a bolus
List 2 important risk factors that BOTH of them cause oropharyngeal,nasopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer?
Alcohol and tobacco use