Solids
Describe the motion of solid particles.
Solid particles are always vibrating in place.
Describe the motion of liquid particles.
Liquid particles are always moving and flow past one another.
Describe the motion of gas particles.
Gas particles are always moving very quickly and randomly.
In the Mass of Air lab, we calculated the mass of...
When the temperature increases, what happens to the alcohol molecules inside a thermometer?
The alcohol molecules expand/spread out when temperature increases.
What happens to the volume of a solid when it is heated?
The volume increases (it expands).
What happens to the volume of a liquid when it is cooled?
The volume decreases.
What do gases mostly consist of?
Empty space
In the Syringe Lab, we found that gases contain a lot of...
Empty space
What happens to a balloon when it is brought outside on a cold winter day?
The volume and pressure of the air in the balloon decreases because the temperature is decreasing.
True or False: Solids have a definite shape and volume.
True
True or False: Liquids have a definite shape and volume. (If false, what is incorrect?)
False: Liquids do not have a definite shape- they take the shape of their container.
What happens to the pressure of a gas when the volume is decreased?
When volume decreases, pressure increases.
In the Diffusion Lab Activity, why did the food dye diffuse more quickly in the hot water than in the cold water?
The molecules are moving faster in the hot water because they have more energy, so they spread the dye faster than the cold water.
What principle explains the slow spreading of air freshener scent across an entire room?
Diffusion
What is something you could do to a solid to cause it to contract?
Decrease its temperature.
Would you expect chocolate syrup to diffuse more quickly in cold milk or milk that has been heated and WHY?
Hot milk, the particles are moving faster and have more energy, so they will spread the syrup faster.
What happens to the pressure of a gas when temperature decreases?
When temperature decreases, pressure decreases.
In the Vacuum Lab, why did the volume of the marshmallow and balloon increase when the air was pumped out of the bell jar?
Removing the air decreased the pressure on the objects, AND also created empty space that the air inside objects expanded to fill.
Why do people run the metal lids of jars under hot water when they have trouble opening them?
The hot water causes the metal in the lid to expand, making it easier to open.
What are amorphous solids?
Solids with no definite shape.
Why does honey pour more slowly than water?
Honey is more viscous than water.
What element does the air around us mostly consist of?
Nitrogen (78%)
In the 50+50 Lab, why did the volume not equal 100mL when we added 50mL of methanol to 50mL of water?
The methanol particles are smaller than water particles, and fit in the empty spaces between the water particles.
Imagine you are baking cookies. What principle explains why a substance like molasses flows slower than a substance like vegetable oil?
Viscosity.