General
What is fitness?
An organism's relative ability to survive, find a mate, and pass its genetic material on to the next generation
Tadpoles that are exposed to predators have large or smaller tails?
Larger tails.
In figure 1 from Davidson et al., which outcome of phenotypic plasticity responds the worst to stressful conditions?
Masters of some
What are the two types of individual-environment interactions that are affected by plasticity?
Direct and Indirect
What type of species was this study aimed towards?
Invasive Species
Phenotypic plasticity is defined as:
The change in phenotypic expression in an organism based on environmental pressures or conditions, without changing its genetic makeup.
What affect does water velocity in barnacle environment have on their feeding appendages?
These barnacles produce shorter feeding appendages
True or false:
According to figure 2 of Davidson et al., having more of one trait value always results in higher fitness.
False:
The fitness of a trait value depends on the environment. High trait values can have more fitness in one environment in comparison to another, and the same goes for low trait values.
What is it called when organisms are able to modify the environment they exist in:
Niche construction
What type of study was this paper?
Meta-analysis
What are the 3 possible outcomes of phenotypic plasticity
Adaptive, neutral, and maladaptive
What example does Miner et al. use to demonstrate evolutionary traps?
Mayflies that use polarized light as an indicator for water
Looking at Box 2. Multiple predator effects from the Miner et al. paper, what was the number of number of surviving Hyperolius spinigularis when both the larval predator and the egg predator were present?
~8
According to the glossary from Miner et al., what is the difference between an inducible defense vs. and inducible offense
Defense: phenotypically plastic traits that reduce the risk of consumption
Offense: phenotypically plastic traits that enhance consumptive or competitive ability.
What are the 3 predicted performance strategies of phenotypic plasticity?
Master-of-some
Jack-of-all-trades
Jack-and-master
When one species affects the density of another species by altering the traits of an intermediate species:
Trait-mediated indirect interaction (TMII)
What does the presence of spiders have on New England local biodiversity and why?
What organism as well as what 2 traits were compared in Box 3 figure 1 of the Miner et al. article?
"Population models predict that adding nutrients to a system will cause large fluctuations in population size and lead to stochastic species extinctions." What is this refering to?
Paradox of enrichment.
What conclusions were drawn from this paper?
The study concluded that invasive species generally have higher phenotypic plasticity than native species.