Microbiology
Protozoa are microscopic, one-celled parasites found in soil and water. (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
What are the 4 groups of pathogenic microorganisms that can contaminate food?
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
Fungi
Explain the concept of herd immunity
Herd immunity, also known as ‘population immunity’, is a concept used for vaccination, in which a population can be protected from a certain virus if a threshold of vaccination is reached
With herd immunity, the vast majority of a population are vaccinated, lowering the overall amount of virus able to spread in the whole population. As a result, not every single person needs to be vaccinated to be protected, which helps ensure vulnerable groups who cannot get vaccinated are kept safe
Inspectors orders under the HPPA are appealed to an administrative Board called the?
a) Health Services Appeal Review Board
b) Ontario Labour Relations Board
a) Health Services Appeal Review Board
Explain and provide one example of the epidemiological triad (Host, Carrier, Vehicle)
Host: where organisms live and feed (people, animals, plants)
Carrier: someone who does not show signs of being sick but carries microorganisms
Vehicle: an item that carries microorganisms (water, wind, human hands, utensils)
What is the difference between pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic bacteria?
Pathogenic bacteria are infectious, disease-causing
Toxigenic bacteria are poisonous
What is the temperature danger zone? (range)
The temperature danger zone is between 4-60 degrees celsius.
Which of the following are considered cold-loving?
a) psychrophiles
b) mesophiles
c) thermophiles
d) none of the above
a) psychrophiles
Which example of subject matters does the provinces not have “exclusive jurisdiction” over:
a) public hospitals
b) universities & schools
c) construction
d) banks
d) banks
What is the difference between fixed vs dynamic population?
Fixed (closed) population, membership is relatively permanent and maybe define by an event (ex. attendees of a wedding or all babies born in 2018)
Dynamic population- changeable, can go in and out of membership, example: residents of a town, lung cancer patients in a hospital
Clostridium botulinum is _____
Aerobic bacteria or Anaerobic bacteria?
Anaerobic bacteria
What are two viruses of most concern to the food industry? and what is the best defence against food-borne viruses?
Hepatitis A and Norovirus
Best defence is good personal hygiene
Explain the difference between live-attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines?
Live-attenuated vaccines use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the pathogen
Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of the pathogen
Part IV of the HPPA is about?
a) food safety
b) communicable diseases
c) indoor air quality
d) potable water
b) communicable diseases
Which of the following research study designs consists of a large sample size, high cost and longest time needed?
a) Case control
b) cross sectional
c) cohort
d) b & c
c) cohort
Which of the following do not belong in the protozoa category?
a) giardiasis
b)cryptosporidiasis
c) trichinosis
d) cyclosporiasis
C) Trichinosis (parasite)
What are the 4 leading pathogens that account for 90% of foodborne illnesses in Canada?
Norovirus
Clostridium perfringens
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Which of the following describes organisms that can use oxygen but can also grow in the absence of oxygen?
a) obligate aerobes
b) facultative anaerobes
c) obligate anaerobes
d)aerotolerant anaerobes
b) facultative anaerobes
Corrective justice is the basis of two important laws?
a) criminal and tort law
b) criminal and contract law
c) contract and tort law
d) all of the above
c) contract and tort law
What type of study is this?
A study was conducted by finding hospital subjects who had lung cancer and a comparison group of hospital patients who had diseases other than cancer. They then compared the prior exposure histories with respect to smoking and many other factors. They found that past smoking was much more common in the lung cancer cases, and they concluded that there was an association. The advantages to this approach were that they were able to collect the data they wanted relatively quickly and inexpensively, because they started with people who already had the disease of interest.
a) case-control
b) cohort
c) cross-sectional
d) none of the above
Which type of microorganism exists in two different forms: The vegetative state and the spore state?
a) fungi
b) bacteria
c) viruses
d) parasites
Bacteria
What is the incubation period of Hepatitis A?
15-50 Days
a) sporadic disease
b) epidemic disease
c) endemic disease
d) pandemic disease
b) epidemic disease
Which of the following is not one of the three workers' rights?
a) the right to participate
b) the right to know
c) the right to refuse unsafe work
d) the right to inform manager of any problems
d) the right to inform manager of any problems
Which of the following is not part of Hippocrates four humors theory?
a) blood
b) black bile
c) phlegm
d) yellow bile
e) water