Platonic Play Pals
Ordinary people were called these in Plato's Allegory of the Cave
Prisoners
Nozick's "The Experience Machine" proposes a Sci-Fi future where you can plug into a happiness machine, and disconnect from your humdrum life on reality, however the real point and purpose of the thought experiment is to investigate this question?
Is (hedonistic) pleasure all that matters?
Descartes may have been doubtful of many things, but he was sure that he was this.
A thinking thing.
Using the buttons on a keyboard to move blocks on a screen, according to Clark and Chalmers, is an example of this at work.
Extended Mind
In place of the correct model of human-animal relationships, at least for house pets and farm animals, Donaldson and Kymlicka propose this type of model.
Double Jeopardy
The life of the prisoners in the Allegory of the Cave is suppose to represent this, according to Plato / Socrates.
Bostrom speculates that Post-Humans may not have a desire to run simulations because of this, caused by the simulated pain the simulated beings will experience.
Moral aversion
JJC Smart would have us believe that (mental) sensations are one and the same as these.
Brain processes.
This is the standard assumption about emotions and other thought and feelings. Merleau-Ponty would have something to say about that.
Inside the mind of the person.
Wild animals whose existence does not depend on human beings should be treated as these, to borrow a term from political theory.
Sovereign
Within the cave there were these, which are perfect representations of every object, concept, or idea.
Ideal Forms
It's entirely possible that humanity will never reach the post human stage becuase it may encounter of these; a real doom an gloom scenario.
Great Filter
This problem consider how an immaterial "thing" can interact with and control a material thing.
Mind-Body Problem.
Clark and Chalmers put forward that when the human brain interacts with the external environment, it creates this type of system.
Coupled System.
Harman believes that it can be a surprising claim (to say the least) when people hold these seemingly paradoxical intuitions simultaneously.
Wrong to support factory farming; permissible to consume humanely killed animals.
In the Allegory of the Cave, the role of the philosophers is to do this...just remember, don't go back to the rest of the prisoners.
Escape the cave.
While it may sound really nice in there, Nozick encourages us NOT to plug into the experience machine for these reasons (list two of the three).
Want to DO certain things.
Want to BE certain kind of thing.
Desire CONTACT with real-reality.
Because of this, JJC Smart argues that even if a person has intimate knowledge of sensations, but doesn't have a clue about brain process, Smart's not worried about his theory.
Ignorance of a fact does not undermine credibility of the fact.
Double Jeopardy
Merleau Monty does not believe that anger only exists inside the head, instead it is also located here.
Those who endorse the "Surprising Claim" typically rely on this moral distinction to defend their asymmetrical position on animal suffering v. death.
Failing to Benefit v Causing Harm
These are the perfect representations of every object, concept, and idea.
Ideal Forms
Don't attribute this principles name to be unconcerned, rather it refers to an ability to distinguish base from simulated reality.
Indifference Principle.
While some people might say that mental sensations are separate from or additional to physical brain processes, JJC Smart would respond as such.
Describing the subjective experience of the physical brain process. Only one "thing" - brain process; experienced as X.
Whereas Descartes seems to paint us as a ghost inside a machine, Merleau-Ponty we argue that we are this.
Embodied Being.
Donaldson and Kymlicka's approach to wild animals avoids the "too much" and "too little" objections by endorsing these two rough guidelines.
Correcting past injustice/infringement (avoid too little); Limited intervention (avoid too much)