Culture Basics
The shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people are called what?
Culture
A group of people who share a territory and government is called what?
Society
The spread of cultural traits from one society to another is called what?
Cultural diffusion
Shared ideas about what is good or desirable in society are called what?
Values
The sense of belonging to a cultural group is called what?
Cultural identity
What term describes physical objects created by a society, such as tools and clothing?
Material Culture
What is the smallest unit of society, often considered the foundation of socialization?
Family
When cultures blend together to form new practices, this is called what?
Cultural syncretism
Rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in society are called what?
Norms
What term refers to the coexistence of diverse cultures in one society?
Multiculturalism
Language, religion, and traditions are examples of what type of culture?
Non-material culture
The organized patterns of relationships and institutions that make up society are called what?
Social structure
The rapid spread of new ideas or technologies across societies is called what?
Globalization
Norms that are strictly enforced because they are vital to social order are called what?
Mores
A group within a larger culture that has distinct values and practices is called what?
Subculture
The process of learning one’s culture through family, peers, and institutions is called what?
Enculturation
What term refers to expected behaviors attached to a particular social position?
Roles
What term describes adapting to a new culture while retaining aspects of one’s original culture?
Acculturation
Casual norms that guide everyday behavior, like table manners, are called what?
Folkways
Negative attitudes or stereotypes toward people of another culture are called what?
Prejudice
What is the term for judging another culture by the standards of one’s own?
Ethnocentrism
The system of ranking individuals or groups in society based on status, wealth, or power is called what?
Social stratification
The deliberate effort to change cultural practices, often through reform movements, is called what?
Cultural innovation
What is the term for written rules enforced by institutions such as government?
Laws
The belief that all cultures should be understood in their own context, without judgment, is called what?
Cultural relativism