Branches of Philosophy
Elements of Arguments
Deductions
Inductions
Fallacies
100
This branch of philosophy studies the ultimate nature of reality, including its substance, structure, and process
What is metaphysics
100
A general claim in an argument that functions as a rule for how to treat specific information in an argument
What is a major premise
100
If A, then B

XA
Therefore, XB

What is valid
100
An induction in which a sample is drawn from a group and is used to make a generalization about the group as a whole
What is a enumerative or categorical induction
100
The assertion that a proposition or belief is true because it has not been proved to be false
What is appeal to ignorance
200
This branch of philosophy studies the nature of knowledge, focusing on both how and what we can know
What is epistemology
200
A specific claim in an argument that provides specific facts and/or data
What is a minor premise
200
If A, then B

XB
Therefore, X is A

What is invalid
200
An induction in which a sample is drawn from a group in order to make a predication about an individual in the group but outside of the sample
What is an induction by analogy group to individual
200
Drawing a general conclusion about a group on the basis of relevant but insufficient evidence
What is a hasty generalization
300
This branch of philosophy studies the rules and processes of rational thinking and argumentation
What is logic
300
A cognitive act that follows a patterned process and is used to derive a conclusion from supporting premises
What is an inference
300
If A, then B
X~B
Therefore, X~A
What is valid
300
An induction in which a claim is made about an individual on the basis of a comparison between two or more individuals with respect to their similarities
What is an induction by analogy individual to individual
300
Drawing a conclusion on the basis of current widespread practices
What is appeal to common practice
400
This branch of philosophy studies the nature of morality and moral judgments
What is ethics
400
An inference in which, even if the premises are true, the conclusion is still not necessarily true
What is an invalid inference
400
If A, then B (True)
X ~A (True)
Therefore, X~B (possibly true or false)
What is invalid/unsound
400
Frankie and Molly are friends and sit next to each other in class. They both love philosophy, logic, root beer and jelly beans. Frankie knows the answer to this; therefore, Molly probably does, too.
What is an analogical induction individual to individual
400
This fallacy is committed when someone mistakenly assumes that because a whole has a certain characteristic, all of the parts have it too.
What is the fallacy of division
500
This branch of philosophy studies the nature of beauty and judgments made about it in art and culture
What is aesthetics
500
An argument with true premises, a valid inference, and a necessarily true conclusion
What is sound
500
If we are playing Jeopardy, then it is review day (true)
We are playing Jeopardy (true)
Therefore, it is a review day (true)
What is a valid inference/sound argument
500
9 of the 10 people surveyed from our 30 member Happiness course found Stoicism to be very helpful for managing their own happiness.  Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that most students in the course think Stoicism is beneficial.
What is a categorical induction/generalization
500
That Latin name of this fallacy is committed when someone makes the mistake that because B follows A, A must have been the cause of B
What is post hoc, ergo propter hoc
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