Ancient Justice
This Greek philosopher defined justice as harmony within the soul and the state
Plato
He believed life in the state of nature was "nasty, brutish, and short."
Thomas Hobbes
Justice aims to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number
This philosopher argued morality is based on duty, not consequences
Immanuel Kant
he proposed justice as fairness
John Rawls
For this thinker justice meant giving each person what they deserve
Aristotle
This philosopher argued governments exist to protect life, liberty, and property
John Locke
This philosopher is most associated with classical utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
Kant's moral rule that must be universalized is called this
Categorical imperative
Rawls' thought experiment uses this imagined condition
original position
he refined utilitarianism by distinguishing higher and lower pleasures
John Stuart Mill
Justice, for Kant requires treating people as this rather than merely means
ends in themselves
this veil prevents people from knowing their social status
veil of ignorance
Aristotle argued justice should be based on this concept rather than equality alone
Equity
This concept explains why individuals consent to be governed
Social contract
This principle measures moral actions by their outcomes
consequentialism
this type of justice focuses on fair processes and rules
procedural justice
least advantaged
This ancient work outlines Plato's theory of justice
The Republic
Rousseau argued true justice comes from this collective will
general will
a major criticism of utilitarian justice is that it can violate these
individual rights
Kant believed justice must be grounded in this human capacity
Rationality
this philosopher criticized Rawls from a libertarian perspective
Robert Nozick