Presocrates & Socrates
This Presocratic from Miletus is considered the first philosopher and said the arché (the origin of everything) is water.
Thales
The name of the school Plato founded in Athens.
The Academy
The name of the school Aristotle founded in Athens.
What is the Lyceum?
The death of this king in 323 BC is usually taken as the start of the Hellenistic period.
Alexander the Great
This bishop of Hippo wrote Confessions and The City of God.
Augustin of Hippo
Socrates called his method of questioning that draws out knowledge from the other person by the name of a midwife’s craft.
Maieutics
Plato divides reality into two worlds
Sensible and intelligible world
In his Politics, Aristotle defines the human being as this kind of animal by nature.
What is a political (social) animal?
Founded by Epicurus, this school held that pleasure is the highest good, understood as absence of pain and mental disturbance.
Epicureanism
Known in medieval Europe as “The Commentator” for his commentaries on Aristotle.
Averroes
This philosopher from Ephesus claimed everything is in constant flux, and that you cannot step into the same river twice.
Heraclitus
In the allegory of the cave, the sun represents this supreme Idea.
Idea of the good
The structure of an Aristotelian sylogism
Premise 1, premise 2, Conclusion
This school, founded by Zeno of Citium, taught living according to nature and reason (logos), and cultivating apatheia, freedom from destructive passions.
Stoicism
Maimonides said we can only say what God is not, never what He is. This approach has this name.
Negative theology
This philosopher from Elea argued that Being is one, eternal, and unchanging, and that change is an illusion of the senses.
Parmenides
In Plato’s ideal state there are three social classes. Name them.
Who are the rulers (philosopher-kings), the guardians (warriors), and the producers?
Aristotle says virtue is a mean between two vices. What is the middle point called, and give an example using courage.
The golden mean. Courage is between cowardice and recklesness
Pyrrho and the Skeptics recommended this attitude of withholding judgment (epoché) in order to reach this peace of mind.
Atraxia
This Dominican friar synthesized Aristotle with Christian doctrine and offered Five Ways to show that God exists.
Thomas Aquinas
For Socrates, this ethical thesis explains why no one does wrong willingly: wrongdoing comes from ignorance.
Moral intelectualism
This Platonic theory says learning is recollecting Ideas the soul contemplated before birth. Augustine replaces it with divine illumination.
What is the theory of reminiscence (anamnesis)?
For Aristotle, the highest good that all human action aims at, often translated as “happiness” or “flourishing.”
Eudaimonia
The stoic philosopher focuses on distinguishing events into these two categories to find atraxia.
Things within our control, and outside of our control
Which Jewish and Islamic philosophers tried to synthesise greek philosophy and faith
Maimonides and Averroes