Unit 10 (general)
3 things needed for an action to occur
Agent, conscience and will
The three origins of human societies
Natural, divine and contractual
Are morality and ethics natural to human beings?
No. Morality is natural to human beings. Ethics studies morality but you don't need to learn about ethics to act right.
Democracy
The points of reference for our morality are...
Values, standards, principles and ideals
Main philosophers in Ancient Greece
Sophists and Plato
''Moral decisions must be adopted by taking into account all those affected by the situation"
Dialogical ethics (within the ethics of justice)
Who is considered to be the father of political science?
Machiavelli
The 3 main motives for our actions
Needs, interests, desires
Main philosophers in the 17th and 18th centuries
Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau
How can we decide if an action is good or bad according to Kant?
Through the categorical imperative
Who thought that current societies were not good for human beings?
Rousseau
Most important philosophers of moral relativism
Sophists, Spinoza and Nietzsche
19th and 20th centuries views on social and economical organisation
Capitalism and socialism
My actions are determined by the pursue of happiness, what type of ethics is this?
Teleological
What was first formulated by the Sophists and then brought back again during the 17th and 18th centuries?
Conventionalism (Sophists) => Contractualism (17th & 18th centuries)
Eudaemonism, Stoicism, Hedonism and Utilitarianism
The three forms of social organisation born from the capitalist model
Liberal state, socialist state and social and democratic state of law
Explain the difference between meaning and intention in an action. You can use an example.
Meaning: it's the action itself. ''I give my brother a present''
Intention: It is what I try to achieve by carrying out this action. There can be many intentions.
''I want to make my brother feel better because he is sad"
''I want to congratulate my brother because he passed an important exam''
''I want my brother to also buy me a present''
etc.
What were Marx's main concerns?
1. Class struggle (society was divided into classes)
2. Private property (a small group of people appropriates the work of the majority)
3. Intervention of the state to regulate economic activity (the market is not capable of self-regulation, the state needs to intervene)