Meaning and Method of Philosophy
The word “philosophy” comes from the Greek words philo and sophia. What do they mean?
Love and wisdom
The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, scope, and limits of human knowledge is called:
Epistemology
It is the property of sentences, assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to agree with the facts or to state what the case is.
Truth
It is a logical fallacy where someone uses threats, intimidation, or fear to persuade others, instead of providing valid reasons.
Argumentum ad Baculum (Appeal to Force)
It examines our obligations to the environment and its non-human inhabitants, considering the value and moral status of nature.
Environemntal Ethics
Refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems.
Holistic Thinking
A scientist debates whether time travel could be possible, discussing the nature of time and reality itself.
What branch of philosophy does this discussion fall under?
Metaphysics
These are a series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful.
Arguments
This fallacy relies on lack of evidence as support for a conclusion.
Argumentum ad Ignorantiam “Appeal to Ignorance”
It claims that humans are not the only important species on the earth and that they are not inherently greater to other living things.
Biocentrism
He is the Father of Philosophy in Western civilization.
Thales
A business owner decides to pay his employees a fair wage even though he could legally pay them less to increase his profit.
This situation is related to which branch of philosophy?
Ethics
When a person learns through direct observation and experience, what primary source of knowledge is being used?
Empiricism
During a school debate about renewable energy, one student says, “Don’t listen to Carlos’ argument; he failed science last year.” What fallacy is shown here?
Ad Hominem
A philosophical view that believes in maintaining order in the environment will bring out the natural beauty of surroundings and contribute to the well-being of the people and other organisms living in it (Endriga, 2017)
Environmental Aesthetics
Maria chooses a college course based only on her dream of earning a high salary, without considering her personal interests, skills, or the actual job market demand. What type of thinking is Maria showing in this situation?
Partial thinking
What branch of philosophy focuses on the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and the creation and appreciation of beauty?
Aesthetics
Two friends argue about whether dinosaurs had feathers. They both agree to check verified fossil evidence from scientists. What aspect of acquiring knowledge is being emphasized here?
Reality
“All my friends are skipping class today, so it must be okay.” What fallacy is shown here?
Argumentum ad Populum “Appeal to People”/ Bandwagon Fallacy
An ancient thinker who described the universe as a living embodiment of nature’s order, harmony, and beauty.
Pythagoras
It is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions.
Socratic Method
During a debate, one participant argues: “If all healthy diets include vegetables, and this meal plan includes vegetables, then it must be a healthy diet.” Another participant checks if this reasoning is valid. What branch of philosophy deals with evaluating this argument?
Logic
A child learns the idea of “justice” by hearing stories of fairness and unfairness.
What aspect of acquiring knowledge is being formed here?
Concept
This is when the argument's conclusion is restated in the premise, so it assumes what it's trying to prove.
Petitio Principii (Begging the Question)
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Sustainable Development