Human Nature
What is empirical knowledge?
knowledge we gain through experiences, the senses and observation
Define anthropocentrism
humans are at the center of our belief system, at the top
Define Qualia
the subjective nature of experience
We are not responsible for our actions because everything is predetermined
What is Lockes memory theory?
If we have the same memories we are the same person
Describe Plato's tripartite horse
Describe the Turing test and what it evaluates
A test where a human decided whether they are talking to a bot or a human, the bot trying to convince them that they are human.
evaluating whether a bot has consciousness if they can convince a human they are too
Name a philosopher who added to the self and other theory
Simone de bouvaire
Hegel
Charles Taylor
etc.
Name a compatiblist
chruchland
frankfurt
(nagel)
(James)
etc.
What are three main moral theories?
moral objectivism
moral subjectivism
moral relativism
moral realism
moral cognitism
logical positivism
Who said that human nature is defined by the labor we do AND people living under capitalism are alienated?
Karl Marx
Utilitarianism
What is existentialism and who is a main philosopher of this theory?
the subjective nature of experience - there is something that it is like to be YOU
Thomas Nagel
Which of the three theories for free will claims that we are fully responsible for our actions?
(Determinism, combatiblism, libertarianism)
Libertarianism
What does Hume say about identity?
we are constantly changing, there is no continuous self or personal identity
Define rationalism and give an objection (philosopher + idea)
Rationalism = we gain knowledge thru reason alone (NOT senses) and this makes us superior
Objection(s) = Empiricism (Hume), Theory of evolution (Darwin), Iceberg unconscious theory (Freud), etc.
Describe the metaphor of philosophical zombies
Dualism (the mind and body are connected but separate substances that function on their own)
vs.
Monism (everything is physical and the mind and body are the same)
What does D'Holbach say about free will?
dualists are wrong
everything is subject to the laws of nature
free will is an illusion (determinist)
Define Deontology (Kantianism)
we prove our humanity by holding ourselves to a moral standard no matter what others do - things are either morally good or bad no matter what
Give Hobbes vs Rousseau views on--
humans in the state of nature
and
how society should be structured
Hobbes = humans are inherently evil, one leader is better
Rousseau - humans are inherently good, societal contract is better
Name the required characteristics for something to be qualified as a person
sorry!
trick question, you can't, there are so many different theories
Define Hegel's Dialectic
Thesis (settled argument or state of order)
Antithesis (opposing view, causing chaos)
Synthesis (compromise, new state of order)
The inherent cycle of society (how everything works)
What is Pragmatism?
The idea that we evaluate ideas based on their usefulness, it doesn't matter if we our influenced our not if we believe in real time that our choices are free
Who said that morality SEEMS to come from reason but actually comes from emotion and what we like and dislike
Hume