Normative Theories
What is moral is what makes us the best person we could be.
What is VIRTUE ETHICS
What is moral is that which promotes healthy relationships and the well-being of individuals
What is CARE-BASED ETHICS
This philosopher wrote the Republic, the Class system (Ideal state), and the Philosopher King
What is Plato
Who detested the rise of capitalism, influenced by Hegel (historical materialism), class struggles, Alienation, communism, influenced Chinese & Russias revoulutions
What is moral is what follows from absoultue moral duties
What is DEONTOLOGY
This philosopher believes the polis is needed in life, school = virtuous citizens, private property and wealth needs to be abolished, and critiqued the philosopher king
What is Aristotle
Who rejected Christianity (Herd and 'Jesus') & democracy, Ubermensche, influenced by Schopenhauer (will to power) & Greece, challenged enlightenment (Marxism and rejected mass pol movements). Later on, German ideals.
What is Nietzsche
What is morally right is what generates the best outcome for the largest number of people
What is UTILITARIANISM
Who argued humans are selfish, chaotic in a state of nature, maintain power by 'freedom removed', a social contract is needed (Sovereign), argued AGAINST revolution.
What is Thomas Hobbes
1. Who lived in a time of class struggle, urbanization, industrialization, the French and American Revolution, victorian era, and child laborers
What is Marxs
What is moral depends only on the consequences
What is CONSEQUENTIALISM
Who said humans are rational, but insecure in the state of nature, gov't needs to protect citizens' rights (right to overthrow corrupt ones), Life, liberty, property, Revolutionary against monarchs. American Revolution and Declaration of Independence (Right to natural rights)
What is John Locke
What is Nietzsche
What is RIGHTS-BASED ETHICS
Who said there needed to be a fix for the societal divide, the social contract is to form collected community, revolutionized the French Revolution, popular sovereignty (republicanism)
What is Jean-Jacques Rousseau