Quotes
"Cogito Ergo Sum"
Who was Rene Descartes?
Descartes asserted that there are four innate ideas: selfhood, identity, substance, and this.
What is God?
The hypothetical existence that precedes the social contract.
What is the state of nature?
This thinker is known for his "fork."
Who was David Hume?
In Kant, this is the the "thing-in-itself."
What is the noumenal world?
"Esse est percipi"
Who was George Berkeley?
The idea that there is not one God, but rather God is identical with the cosmos, or the view that there exists nothing which is outside of God.
What is pantheism?
Empiricists would argue that all knowledge comes from this.
What is sensory data?
This thinker is the first great British empiricist.
Who was John Locke?
According to Kant, we can never experience things in themselves which he calls this.
What is noumenon?
In the state of nature, "the life of man" is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Spinoza asserts there are this many substances.
What is one?
A statement that is not true by definition, is contingent, and is a posteriori is this.
What is a synthetic proposition?
This Irish thinker was an Anglican bishop, and despite his empiricism, insisted on the existence of God.
Who was George Berkeley?
"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law" is the most common form of this.
What is the Categorical Imperative?
"There are two pure forms of sensible intuition, serving as principles of a priori knowledge, namely space and time."
Who was Immanuel Kant?
Hume's fork has this many "tines."
What is two?
For Locke, color, taste, smell, and sound are these.
What are secondary qualities?
Locke makes a distinction between primary and secondary these - the former being ones that inhere to objects the latter being ones that exist only in the mind.
What are qualities?
Unlike Hume, Kant asserts that some synthetic truths can be this.
What is a priori?
"Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper..."
Who was John Locke?
Descartes has two proofs for God's existence: an ontological proof and this kind.
What is a causal proof?
This is defined by Descartes as that which can exist by itself without the aid of anything else.
What is substance?
Hume asserts that all of these types of statements are simply tautologies.
What are analytic statements?
For Kant, God, soul, justice, etc. are necessities in this sense.
What is practical (not metaphysical)?