"The Accident"
Where did the accident take place?
Cavendish, Vermont
What was the name of the doctor that treated Phineas?
Dr Harlow
What was the one part of the brain that scientists knew in the 1800s was responsible for keeping the body alive?
The Brain Stem
What did doctors not know about DURING Phineas' injury?
Germs and Bacteria
The term for "the study of the brain and its functions"
Psychology
What was Phineas' job on the railroad?
Foreman (giving orders to others) and responsible for exploding the rock so its easier to move.
What type of brain injury did Phineas have that allowed him to survive the swelling of the brain?
"open-brain" injury
The two parties of brain theory argued from opposing sides on the brain functioned. What were their names?
Full Brainers and Localizers/ Phrenologists
What did Robert Hooke discover in the 1800s
True or False; when patients came in with tumors in the brain, Removing the tumor was the first option to consider.
False: Removing the tumor is a last resort because of the damage it could cause the brain.
What went wrong for the explosion to take place?
The gunpowder was not covered with sand, so went the iron rod hit the rock, which causes sparks that hit the gunpowder, resulting in an explosion.
Phineas refused to rest during recovery, so Phineas' doctor gave him medicine to ______________.
Throw up and "evacuate his bowels"
Why were so many doctors and brain specialists so eager to study Phineas Gage after his story was published? (There are 2 reasons, you must have both to get it correct)
To see if what was told was true, and to use this case to prove their theories on how the brain functions.
In 1867, 20 Years after Phineas' injury, Joseph Lister was the first to ....
Sanitize his medical instrument, clothes, and room before surgery, reducing patient death by injury by 90%
The Damasios' were surgeons and researchers who studied the behaviors and reactions of people with frontal lobe through ___________.
Experiments to watch their reactions of emotions (picture experiment) and responding to risk (door experiment)
Why was it unbelievable for Phineas to survive the accident?
To anyone's knowledge, no one had survived an injury like that to the head and survived.
In the end, Phineas traveled after recovery working many jobs, what jobs do we have proof of Phineas working before his death?
Horse caretaker and Plower of farms
Localizer believed that there were 37 "organs" in the brain with different functions, and could be identified by.....
dips and bumps on the skull
Louis Pasteur studied fermentation, decay, and infection; which all involve bacteria, to come up with what we now know as ....
Germ Theory
After created a 3D computer image of Phineas brain, they discovered the rod only hit the left side of his frontal lobe, missing .....
Broca's area (ability to speak) and Wernicke's area (ability to comprehend speech)
How would you describe Phineas immediately after his injury?
Calm, Talkative, Relaxed, etc.
What were some behaviors noticed after Phineas' "full recovery" (The group that is most detailed will get the points, and only that group)
Teachers' choice
The cortex is broken down into 4 different lobes. The frontal lobe is responsible for....
voluntary movement, emotions, communication, and personality.
The medical term for infection in the 1800s was known as ....
sepsis
In the end, scientist say that it is the brain that holds what it means for us to be __________, or where our personality and our decision making resides.
Human