Latin Phrases
I am thinking, therefore I am
Bonus: Name the philosopher
Cogito, ergo sum
Bonus: René Descartes
What theory of mind states that the soul/spirit/mind can exist independently of the body.
Bonus: Which philosopher covered in class was a proponent of this theory?
Substance dualism
Bonus: Descartes
Qualia
Subjectivity - the "what is it like" to have an experience
To be is to be perceived
Bonus: Name the philosopher
Esse est percipi
Bonus: George Berkeley
Broadly, what was the Enlightenment?
A European intellectual movement that occurred from 1685-1815. During a period of material abundance, people were inspired to investigate and challenge the value of traditional norms.
Define validity and reliability
Bonus: Give an example where we have questioned the validity or reliability of a scientific study.
Validity: The measure of how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure
Reliability: A measure that shows how well a test is able to be consistently replicable
Bonus: Questioned validity of Libet's experiment, reliability of Vohs and Schooler
Functionalism
The branch of physicalism that states that mental states can be defined by their functional role.
Describe John Searle's "Chinese Room" thought experiment.
You are a person who does not speak Chinese. You are locked in a room with a code book which tells you what Chinese characters to use in response to each input. Native Chinese speakers send messages written in Chinese to you in the room and you respond according to the codebook. To you, the symbols are meaningless, but you are able to follow the code, to the extent that the native Chinese speakers believe that you speak Chinese.
What is the term for the Enlightenment era social gathering that involved conversations between prominent philosophers, artists, and writers?
Bonus: What kind of person usually hosted this event?
An Enlightenment Salon.
Bonus: Salonnières - prominent women in the community
Token physicalism
Mental events may not be directly correlated to physical events (related to the idea of multiple realizability)
Describe Frank Jackson's "Mary's Room" thought experiment.
Bonus: What philosophical fallacy do critics claim this experiment suffers from?
Mary is a scientist who is forced to investigate the world from a black and white room via a black and white monitor. She acquires all possible knowledge about vision and color. The thought experiment asks the question, if Mary knows everything about color but has never seen it, does she gain any NEW knowledge when she sees color for the first time?
Bonus: Begging the question: the premises assume the conclusion that they are supposed to be proving - Jackson assumes that Mary will learn something new
What literary methods discussed in class did Montesquieu and Voltaire use to critique social norms?
Parody and satire.
Extension
A concept in metaphysics used to describe stretching out or taking up space. Ex. height, width, depth
Epiphenomenalism
Physical states can causally impact mental states, but mental states cannot causally impact physical states.