Basics
What does phlebotomy involve?
The collection of blood via a vein incision.
What is the first step before venipuncture?
Verify patient identity and test requisition.
What is the term for equipment that protects against infection?
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment).
How should you greet a patient before a blood draw?
Introduce yourself and explain the procedure.
What is the purpose of a tourniquet in venipuncture?
To restrict blood flow to make veins more prominent.
Which type of blood collection uses a small incision on the skin?
Capillary puncture.
What is used to clean the venipuncture site?
An alcohol swab.
What should you do if there is a needlestick injury?
Wash the area and report the incident.
How should you position a patient for venipuncture?
Have them sit or lie down with their arm extended.
What color Vacutainer tube is used for blood cultures?
Golden yellow.
What does OSHA regulate in phlebotomy?
Blood specimen collection procedures.
At what angle should the needle be inserted for venipuncture?
15 to 20 degrees.
What is a hematoma and how can it be prevented?
A bruise caused by blood collecting under the skin; it can be prevented by applying pressure.
How do you calm an anxious patient before a blood draw?
Explain the procedure and reassure them.
What are the most common sites for venipuncture?
Median cubital, cephalic, and basilic veins.
What is the liquid portion of blood called?
Plasma
How do you know you’ve entered the vein during venipuncture?
You see a flash of blood in the hub of the needle.
What should you do if blood flow is slow during venipuncture?
Adjust the needle or try a different vein.
Why should patients avoid pumping their fists during blood draw?
It can cause hemolysis and affect test results.
What is a butterfly needle, and when is it used?
A small needle attached to tubing, used for small veins.
What is the role of platelets in the blood?
They help with blood clotting.
Q: What should you do if a patient faints during a blood draw?
Stop the procedure, lay the patient down, and monitor them
How long should a tourniquet be left in place?
No longer than 60 seconds to avoid hemolysis.
How do you handle a patient who refuses a blood draw?
Explain the importance, and if they still refuse, document it and notify the physician.
What is the correct order of draw for venipuncture tubes?
Blood culture (yellow), light blue, red, green, lavender, and gray tubes.