Cartilages of the Larynx
Laryngeal Membranes and Ligaments
Intrinsic Muscles
Extrinsic Muscles
Supplementary Muscles
100
Name the three main cartilages of the larynx.
thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids
100
What are the two intrinsic membranes?
The two intrinsic membranes (found within the larynx) are the conus elasticus and quadrangular membrane.
100
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles?
The intrinsic muscles serve to change the position of the structures within the larynx.
100
What are the general functions of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
The extrinsic laryngeal muscles support and stabilize the larynx and also change the position of the larynx within the neck.
100
What are the two categories of supplementary muscles and what are their meanings?
Infrahyoid means below the hyoid and suprahyoid means above the hyoid.
200
What is the cartilage that protects the trachea, during swallowing?
the epiglottis
200
What is the cone-shaped membrane that extends from the superior border of the arch and lamina of the cricoid to the upper limits of the true vocal folds?
The conus elasticus
200
What are the three parts of the vocal folds?
The thyromuscularis, thyrovocalis, and vocal ligament collectively form the vocal folds.
200
Which extrinsic muscle attaches from the back surface of the sternum and the first costal cartilage to the outer surface of the thyroid cartilage and functions to pull the thyroid downward during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing?
The sternothyroid
200
Which infrahyoid connects from the superior/posterior manubrium and the medial clavicle to the inferior surface of the body of the hyoid? What is its' function?
The sternohyoid depresses the hyoid or fixes the hyoid and larynx in place if the suprahyoids are active.
300
Which joint provides the articulation of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages?
The cricothyroid joint.
300
The lateral cricothyroid membrane is a part of the conus elasticus and it thickens towards the top of the conus elastics to form what?
The vocal ligaments.
300
Which intrinsic muscle brings the cricoid and thyroid cartilages together?
The cricothyroid muscle. It lengthens the vocal folds.
300
Which extrinsic muscle attaches from the outer surface of the thyroid to the greater horn of the hyoid bone? What is its' function?
Contraction of the thyrohyoid functions to shorten the distance between the thyroid and hyoid by either depressing the hyoid or raising the larynx.
300
The superior belly of what infrahyoid terminates on the side of the body of the hyoid, while the inferior belly originates on the upper border of the scapula? What does it do?
The omohyoid consists of these two bellies, which lower the hyoid and larynx.
400
What are the processes of the arytenoid cartilages called? Which one extends towards the front, and which one extends towards the back?
The processes are called the vocal processes and muscular processes. The vocal processes extend towards the front and the muscular processes extend towards the back.
400
Which membrane becomes the ventricular ligaments (false vocal folds) inferiorly and the aryepiglottic folds superiorly?
The quadrangular membrane.
400
Which intrinsic muscle attaches from the medial aspect of the posterior cricoid cartilage to the muscular processes of the arytenoids? What is its function?
The posterior cricoarytenoids pull down and back on the muscular processes of the arytenoids causing the vocal processes to pull apart and thus abducting the vocal folds.
400
A) The diagastric muscle has two bellies. What are they called? B) What is the function of the belly that originates from the inner surface of the mandible symphysis to the level of the hyoid (at the junction of the body and greater cornu)?
A) The anterior and posterior belly of the diagastric muscle. B) The anterior belly draws the hyoid up and forward during the initial stage of swallowing or it can pull the mandible down.
500
True or false, the epiglottis is a single cartilage positioned behind the hyoid bone and root of the tongue.
True
500
True or false, the extrinsic laryngeal membranes provide support and stability for the larynx, outside of the larynx.
True, the extrinsic laryngeal membranes connect the laryngeal cartilages with adjacent structures outside of the larynx, in order to help support and stabilize the larynx.
500
A) The transverse fibers of what muscle attach to the posterior surfaces of both arytenoids? B) What are the other fibers of this muscle called that attach from the posterior surface of the muscular process of one arytenoid to the apex of the opposite arytenoid? C) What is the function of this muscle?
A) the interarytenoids, B) the oblique fibers, C) they are they primary adductors, the transverse fibers pull the arytenoids together and the oblique fibers pull the tips of the arytenoids towards one another.
500
The posterior belly of the diagastric muscle pulls the hyoid up and back, what are its' attachments?
The posterior belly attaches from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the level of the hyoid bone.
M
e
n
u