Anatomy
Phonation
Sound/Acoustics
Resonance
Miscellaneous
100
This muscle represents the body of the vocal fold.
What is the thyroarytenoid?
100
These represent three main theories that attempt to describe vocal oscillation.
What are the myoelastic-aerodynamic, one-mass, and three-mass models?
100
The two formants responsible for vowel creation.
What are F1 and F2?
100
Fill in the blanks: when a resonator is larger, the sympathetic vibration will be ____, and when the resonator is smaller, the sympathetic vibration will be ____.
What are lower and higher (in frequency)?
100
A graph of a sound over time (x-axis), showing frequency on the y-axis and loudness of each formant as intensity of color.
What is a spectrogram?
200
This anatomical structure is no larger than a typical English walnut in men and a pecan in women.
What is the larynx?
200
The following example represents this theory: If one partially blocks the end of a hose with his thumb, the water shoots out much farther. The amount of water passing through remains the same at all times. However, behind this constriction, the water pressure increases and velocity decreases. Through the constriction, velocity increases and pressure decreases.
What is the Bernoulli Effect?
200
A sound wave formed by the combination of a fundamental frequency and its resulting overtones.
What is a complex wave?
200
A theory that describes the relationship between phonation, or glottal sound, and resonance, or vocal tract transmission.
What is Source-Filter Theory?
200
These muscles are responsible for shortening and thickening the vocal folds.
What are the thyroarytenoid muscles?
300
Out of the five cartilages that form the basic laryngeal framework, this cartilage is the largest.
What is the thyroid cartilage?
300
This is the state in which the glottis is closed (the vocal folds are brought together), a state necessary for phonation.
What is adduction?
300
A combination of formants which allows the classical singer to be heard over an orchestra.
What is the singer's formant?
300
A technique used to achieve an even color line throughout the range of the voice.
What is vowel modification (aggiustimento)?
300
This is the difference of the top and bottom of the vocal fold edge coming together (a measure of duration).
What is the vertical phase difference?
400
These intrinsic muscles elongate the vocal folds.
What are the cricothryoid muscles?
400
This occurs when strong adduction precedes breath energy. In other words, the glottis is squeezed tightly shut by the adductor muscles, after which subglottal pressure is increased until the breath explodes through the glottis.
What is glottal onset (or glottal stop or hard onset)?
400
These are the first three overtones of the fundamental pitch C3.
What are C4, G4, and C5?
400
This structure in the mouth has much freedom of movement, and therefore a great effect on a singer's resonance.
What is the tongue?
400
These muscles depress the larynx.
What are the sternothyroid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles?
500
This nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle and helps to control pitch elevation (be as specific as you can).
What is the external superior laryngeal nerve?
500
Singing involves this type of phonation mode, while speaking involves this type (give answers respectively).
What is flow mode and normal mode?
500
This is an elastic material, an energy source to distort that material, and an elastic medium to convey the resulting energy outward from its source, all in one.
What is sound?
500
This is the wavelength of the first formant of the average vocal tract, considering that the average vocal tract is 17.5 cm long.
What is 70 cm?
500
These are the five layers of the vocal folds.
What are the epithelium; the superficial, intermediate, and deep layers of the lamina propria; and the thyroarytenoid muscle?
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