Tips and Suggestions
Identify the Task
PA Skills
Basics
Class Activities
100
The length of time that phonemic awareness instruction should be performed each day
What is 10-30 minutes
100

Phonemic awareness: “Say the sounds in bat.”

What is segmenting

100
The ability to break down a word into its phonemes
What is segmenting
100

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

What is phonemic awareness?

100
A rhyming activity that focuses on phonemic awareness
(Multiple Possible Answers) i.e. rhyming nonsense words, complete the sentence, identify rhyme in song/write a rhyming song
200
PA instruction is most effective when done in this size of group
What is a small group
200

Sounds together that make: /s/ /i/ /t/

What is blending

200
The ability to put together two or more phonemes to create a word
What is blending
200

Approximate percentage of at-risk-readers whose reading ability increased greatly as a result of phonemic awareness instruction

What is 95%

200
A syllable manipulation activity that focuses on phonemic awareness
(Multiple Answers) i.e. Humpty Dumpty, Teacher May We?, How Many Syllables in a Name?
300

Students learn best when these tools are used along with instruction

What are manipulatives

300

The first sound in dog

What is phoneme isolation

300
What is the ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words
What is decoding
300
Approximate percentage of students who maintained high phonemic awareness skills in a follow-up test performed nine years after initial instruction
What is 73%
300
An onset-rhyme manipulation activity that focuses on phonemic awareness
(Multiple Answers) i.e. Is this a Word?, Mail a Package, Going on a Word Hunt
400

To help students remember sounds more easily, teachers should associate sounds with these

What are object pictures and mouth pictures

400

“Say cat. Now change /k/ to /h/.”

What is substitution

400
The ability to classify words according to certain characteristics
What is categorization
400
Approximate percentage of students whose decoding ability increased greatly as a result of phonemic awareness instruction
What is 56%
400
A phoneme identification activity that focuses on phonemic awareness
(Multiple Answers) i.e. I Spy, Scavenger Hunt, Bag Game
500

The grades where phonemic awareness instruction is most impactful

What are kindergarten and first grade

500

“Say smile. Now say it without the /s/.”

What is phoneme deletion

500
The ability to write or name the letters of a word
What is spelling
500
Approximate percentage of students whose spelling ability increased greatly as a result of phonemic awareness instruction
What is 59%
500
A phoneme-grapheme relationship activity that focuses on phonemic awareness
(Multiple Answers) i.e. Letter-Sound Bingo, Dominoes, Name that Letter
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