Word Stress
What is a word stress?
Word stress is the degree of prominence of a syllable in comparison with other syllables of a word.
What is a syllable?
A syllable is a unit of sound that contains a vowel, with or without surrounding consonants.
What is a diphthong?
It's a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another. Examples:coin, loud, and side.
What are the three linking processes?
1. Vowel to vowel
2. Consonant to consonant
3. Consonant to vowel
What are consonants in English?
Consonants are speech sounds produced when the airflow is blocked or partially blocked by the lips, teeth, or tongue.
In a phrasal verb such as "turn on," what particle do I have to stress: /turn/ or /on/?
on
How many syllables do these words have? Photograph - Comfortable
Photograph → pho-to-graph → 3
Comfortable → com-fort-ble → 3
Give an example of a diphthong.
Example: /aɪ/ as in my or /eɪ/ as in name.
In the word "facts", native speakers don't pronounce the sound /t/. Which process of connected speech is this?
Elision or Deletion
How many consonant sounds are there in English?
There are 24 consonant sounds in English.
A stressed syllable is…
longer
louder
has a change in pitch
pronounced more clearly
accompanied by longer facial movements
How many syllables does this word have? Antidisestablishmentarianism
Antidisestablishmentarianism → an-ti-dis-es-tab-lish-men-ta-ri-an-ism → 11
What diphthong do you hear in the word “snow”?
/əʊ/
What sound is added in phrase "I agree"? Which process of connected speech is this?
intrusive /j/
How many fricative sounds are there in English, and what are they?
There are 9 fricative sounds: /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, and /h/.
Mark the main stress in these words: banana, information, photograph, development
banana → baNAna
information → inforMAtion
photograph → PHOtograph
development → deVElopment
How many syllables do these words have? Communication - Opportunity
Communication → com-mu-ni-ca-tion → 5
Opportunity → op-por-tu-ni-ty → 5
What diphthong do you hear in the word “boy”?
/ɔɪ/
In phrase "nice to meet you" native speakers pronounce sound /j/ as /ʃ/. Which process of connected speech is this?
Assimilation
What is the difference between voiced and voiceless consonants?
Voiced consonants are produced with vibration of the vocal cords (e.g., /b/, /d/, /g/), while voiceless consonants are produced without vibration (e.g., /p/, /t/, /k/).
Mark the main stress in these longer words: responsibility, examination, opportunity, investigation, advertisement
responsibility → responsiBIlity
examination → examiNAtion
opportunity → opporTUnity
investigation → investiGAtion
advertisement → adVERtisement
How many syllables do these words have? Uncharacteristically - Incomprehensibility
Uncharacteristically → un-char-ac-ter-is-tic-ally → 7
Incomprehensibility → in-com-pre-hen-si-bi-li-ty → 8
How do monophthongs differ from diphthongs?
Monophthongs have one pure vowel sound, while diphthongs are a glide between two vowel sounds.
What sound is added in phrase "go on"? Which process of connected speech is this?
What are the types of consonant sounds based on manner of articulation?
Consonant sounds can be plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, approximants.