vowels
The lip shape of the GOOSE vowel.
What is rounded?
Obstruction of airflow
What are obstruents?
The elements of the syllable rhyme.
What are the nucelus and coda?
Two typical errors a Dane might have when pronouncing the word worth
What are production of /r/ and /θ/?
Occurrence of a particular allophone cannot be predicted from the phonetic context.
What is free variation?
These vowels are produced if the tongue is high.
What are close vowels?
continuous, unobstructed airflow in the vocal tract
What are sonorants?
The consonant or consonants before the nucleus.
What is the onset?
Typical error a Dane might have when pronouncing the word lucky
What are production of /k/ and vowel length?
The occurrence of allophones is predictable from the context (phonetic environment).
What is complementary distribution?
These vowels are transcribed with a "length mark".
What are free vowels?
lip shape of /ʃ/
What is strongly rounded and protruding?
Syllable count for unstress vowel in nucleus: button (GB + GA), butter (GA)
What is 2?
Typical error a Dane might make when saying another.
What is pronouncing the unstressed vowel /ə/ (“schwa”) as the vowel suggested by the spelling?
This refers to the environment in which the contrast between phonemes is neutralized.
What is neutralization?
This vowel has an obvious change in tongue and/or lip shape.
What are dipthongs or glides?
Place and manner of articulation of /tʃ dʒ/
What are palato-alveolar, affricates?
This is /dʒ/ in jumps.
What is the onset?
Typical errors a Dane might make when pronouncing the word easy.
What is replace /z/ by /s/?
GB: /ˈstjuːdnt/ --- GA: /ˈstuːdnt/
What is yod-dropping?
The vowel in rude is longer than the vowel in root.
What is pre-fortis clipping?
A "puff of air" [h] when fortis plosives /p t k/ are initial in a stressed syllable
What is aspiration?
Speech sounds are typically ranked according to their manner of articulation.
What is hierarchy of sonority?
Typical error when a Dane might have when pronouncing the word cheap.
What is substitute /tj/ and for /tʃ/?
A difference between accents with respect to the number of phonemes in the phoneme system
What is systemic variation?