What are Semantics, Pragmatics, Morphology, Syntax, and Phonology?
100
This is a form of knowledge based upon Noam Chomsky’s insight that the grammar of a native speaker’s language is known at an intuitive level and does not require explicit instruction.
What is linguistic competence?
100
This is the speech children hear around them and the speech that is directed towards them.
What is linguistic input?
100
This is a reduplicated series of consonant+vowel (CV) syllables produced by infants initially between 6 and 10 months of age.
What is canonical (reduplicated) babbling?
100
This is a rule that determines where in a word a phoneme or allophone may appear.
What is a phonotactic rule?
200
This domain of language explores the sound system of speech.
What is phonology?
200
This is the term for the innate knowledge of the structure of all the languages of the world that babies are proposed to possess.
What is Universal Grammar?
200
Saffran and her colleagues have shown that babies can recognize strings of nonsense “words” after just listening to a tape recording for 2 minutes. When presented with different nonsense “words” made up out of previously heard “syllables,” the babies still recognized the new “words” as novel. This is an example of what kind of learning?
What is statistical learning?
200
Canonical babbling typically begins by this age.
What is 10 months of age?
200
This is a procedure for testing phonetic discrimination in infants, typically used with infants from 5 to 12 months of age, that uses a moving toy as reward for the child’s perception in a change in stimuli.
What is the head-turn procedure?
300
This domain deals with language use.
What are pragmatics?
300
This property of language allows humans use language to talk about past or future events and things that are not present in the conversational context.
What is decontextualized?
300
This is the term for the specific (acoustic) location along a continuum of change in some acoustic property of phones where a speaker of a language clearly distinguishes two categories.
What is a phoneme boundary?
300
Stage 1 of infant babbling is characterized by these types of sounds.
What are vegetative sounds, crying, and neutral sounds?
300
This is a developmental phonological process by which one phoneme in a word becomes more like another phoneme in the same word.
What is assimilation?
400
This domain handles language content.
What are semantics?
400
This position of language development proposes that language is actively learned and built by the child using mental equipment to operate on information from the environment.
What is constructivism?
400
These are three things neonates are known to prefer to listen to at their early age (name all three).
What are: (1) their mothers’ voice to other voices, (2) infant directed speech to adult directed speech, and (3) human voices to music.
400
Typically developing children at three years of age are considered to have speech that is this percent intelligible.
What is 75%?
400
This effect highlights how phonological perception outpaces phonological production.
What is the fiss effect?
500
These three domains explore language form.
What are phonology, morphology, & syntax?
500
This is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought & communication (ASHA, 1983).
What is language?
500
True syllables first occur during infancy with the onset of this stage of babbling development.
What is canonical babbling?
500
Producing a sound that is easier to say for one of the Late 8 sounds is an example of a child systematically simplifying word production by using this type of phonological process.
What is substitution?
500
Research by Tsao, Liu, & Kuhl (2004) shows that abilities in infant speech perception at 6 months of age predict this.