Definition
Entire syllable repeated
Reduplication (age 2)
Example?
house → /haʊt/
Early stopping (fricatives /f/, /s/ replaced by stops) (age 3)
Prevocalic Voicing
4 (voiceless sounds voiced in initial position)
Example?
chicken → /tʃɪʔɪn/
glottal replacement
banana → /nænə/
Weak Syllable Deletion (4)
Final consonant deleted
final consonant deletion (age 3)
Example?
spoon → /pun/
CCR (4-5) (Deletion of one consonant in a cluster)
Velar Fronting
3;6 (Velars /k, g, ŋ/ replaced by alveolars /t, d, n/)
Example?
zoo → /gu/
backing
so → /ʃo/
Palatalization (4) (Non-palatals replaced with palatals)
Word-final obstruents devoiced
Final devoicing (4)
Example?
brother → /brʌvɚ/
labialization (4) (Front non-labials replaced by labials)
alveorization
4 (Non-alveolar sounds replaced by alveolars)
Example?
hat → /æt/
initial consonat deletion
One sound influences and replaces others
assimilation (around 4)
Examples?
Affricates /tʃ, dʒ/ replaced by fricatives
deaffrication (4)
Example?
this → /dɪs/
Late stopping (4;6) (Fricatives /tʃ, θ, v/ replaced by stops)
liquid gliding
5 (Liquid /l/ replaced by a glide)
6 (Liquid /r/ replaced by a glide)
Examples?
Fricatives produced with lateral air emission
lateralization
Two consonants reversed or reordered as in basket → /bæksɪt/
Metathesis (6)
Palatals replaced by alveolars
depalatalization (4)
Example?
mother → /mʌðə/
Vocalization/vowelization (6) (Liquids replaced by vowels)
SURPRISE!!!
Tell me the three most late developing sounds!
/ɹ, θ, ʒ/
bed → /sƐd/
fricatives for stops
green → /gərin/
Epenthesis (6) (Schwa inserted between 2 parts of a cluster)