Distinctive Features
What are the 3 main classess of DF?
Sonorant, Consonantal and Vocalic
What are the 3 main classes of phonological processes?
Syllable Structure, Assimilation, Substitution
Van Riper's traditional motor approach consists of these three main things?
Clue: How to treat artic errors
1. Auditory discrimination/perceptual teaching
2. Phonetic Placement
3. Drill
Which phonemes are early emerging?
When do they come in?
/m, b, n, w, d, p, h/
stage 2- 1:6 - 2:0; transition to speech: 12-24 months
Syllables are composed of what three things?
Onset, Nucleus, Coda
Extra points for definitions
Which DFs are included in Place?
Coronal, Anterior, High, Low, Back
What is depalatization?
What main process is it under?
An alveolar affricate for a palatal affricative
(wats for watch)
Substitution Process
What is the linguistic approach?
Child has a rule-governed system which has patterns that differ from adults. Tx is to modifying rules to match adults'.
Focuses on relationship among sounds.
When should a child stop gliding liquids?
6 years
Diacritical markers are used in what type of transcription?
Are they used to describe allophones?
Narrow or phonetic.
Yes, they are used to describe allophones.
Which DFs are Manner?
Continuant, Tense, Nasal, Lateral, Strident
What is regressive assimilation?
Which main processes is it associated with?
Influence of a later occurring sounds on an earlier sound
(guk for duk)
Assimilation Process
How would you implement the distinctive feature approach?
Why use this approach?
1. Establish missing DF; Look for underlying rule governed speech sound errors/patterns; Use minimal pairs with contrasting DF
2. For multiple phonological errors to stablize a feature that's lacking in their repertoire. Teaching feature will generalize to all phonemes with that feature.
Why would you address the rule-governed system versus a specific sound?
By addressing the rule, you can address the whole sound class rather than an individual phoneme.
Do you use /f/ or [f] when transcribing broad phonemic transcriptions?
What is this transcription called?
phonemes are placed between / /
Phonemic or broad transcription describes phonemes.
What happens to a voiced consonant before a pause?
Losses voicing
2. What is diminutization?
3. What process are they under?
1. Schwa vowel is instered between the consontants in an initial closure (teri for three) or after a final voiced stop (stope for stop)
2. addition of /i/ to a target (doggie for dog)?
3. Syllable structure Process
What severity level is Metaphon Therapy approach used for?
What does Metaphon Therapy approach focus on?
Moderate to severe delay.
Focuses on illustrating sounds that can be classified.
What is Phonological Awareness?
What does this theory tell us about children with speech sound disorders?
Awareness of sound structures of a language attention to the internal structure of words.
Syllable, words, onsets, rhymes, phoneme awareness
Tells us why children with SSD might later have trouble with literacy skills.
Four main stages of phonological development (try to include ages friends)
Bonus: which stage transitions to phonology?
Phase 1: laying the foundation for speech (birth to 1 year)
Phase 2: transitioning from words to speech (1 to 2 years)
Phase 3: growth of the inventory (transition to phonology; 2 to 5 years)
Phase 4: mastery of speech and literacy (5+ years)
Which vowels are front vowels?
Which is a middle vowel?
/ i, I, ɛ, æ/
Schwa
Which processes disappear by age 3?
Weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, reduplication, consonant assimilation, velar fronting, prevocalic voicing
Why use Minimal Pair Tx?
Minimal Pair Contrast?
Maximal Pair Contrast?
T/F: Good for omissions and distortions
For kids with multiple phonological errors.
Minimal Pair: pairs of words that differ by only ONE feature
Maximal Pair: word pairs contain the maximum number of phonemic contrast
False, BAD for those. Good for substitution process.
Sound source of energy is?
Voicing (all voiced)
Which vowels are considered back vowels?
/u, ʊ, ɔ, ɒ, ɑ/