Basic concepts/Definitions
What is speech?
The verbal means of expressing one's thoughts or ideas through precise neuromuscular cordination of 4 serperate subsystems including respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance
What are the 4 vowel production parameters?
1) tongue height
2) tongue advancement (anterior/posterior)
3) lip rounding (top 4 back vowels)
4) tense vs lax
Structures involved in respiration?
- lungs
-trachea
-rib cage
-sternum
-vertebral column
-intercostal muscles
-diaphragm
Describe the hyoid bone
-supports the larynx
-attaches to the tongue
-only bone in the larynx
why do all children sound the same in the early stages of talking?
children from different languages maybe drawing from some universal repertoire of syllable shapes and sound
What is language?
A complex and dynamic rule governed system of conventional symbols used for thought and language.
What are diphthongs?
A vowel sound demonstrating articulatory movement results in a qualitative change during production.
- on glide is more prominant
- off glide is the end portion
Structures within the larynx (phonotory system)
- thyroid cartilidge
- criciod cartilidge
-arytenoid cartilidge
-epiglotis
-intrinsic extrinsic laryngeal msucles
What is Bernoulli principle?
when there is increased pressure beneath the vocal folds and then above the vocal folds
what are the physical constraints of the developing human anatomy
-size and shape of the infant vocal tract (larynx and 3 cavities)
- relative to the neuromuscular control present in the developing child
What is communication?
What are vowels?
Vowels are produced with an open vocal tract. Form the nucleus of the syllable
Structures apart of the Resonatory system
faringal cavity (throat)
oval cavity (mouth)
naval cavity (nose)
cricoid cartilidge
-shaped like a signit ring
-forms the base of the larynx
what structure fills the oral cavity impacting speech
tongue
What are the 3 extralinguistic aspects of communication?
1) paralinguistics (super segmental) - stress, intination, rate, and pitch
2) nonlinguistic - gestures, body language, facial expression
3) metalinguistic - ability to talk about language
what is stimuability
The ability of a child to make a correction when stimulated by the clinician
structures apart of the articulitory system
-tongue
-mandible
-teeth
-hard palate
-velum
-uvula
arytenoid cartilage
-articulate with cricoid
-vocal folds attached to them
perceptual development before birth
fetuses are able to process auditory stimuli from the external world during the last trimestor
What are consonants?
produced with either partial or complete constriction of the vocal tract. They are described by voice, place, and manner.
Voice- vocal fold vibration
Place- location where the constriction occurs
manner - degree or type of closure
what is diadochokinesis
The ability of the child to perform rapid, alternating movements (p,t,k)
anatomy of phonation
-respiratory system is the energy source for speech
-The vocal mechanism is housed in the larynx- the biological functions of the larynx is lifting, coughing, defecating, birth
- the non biological function of the larynx sound source
epiglotis
-protects the larynx from food
perception at 1 month
able to differentiate [p] and [b]