Assonance
In the phrase “The rain in Spain,” which vowel sound is repeated?
The long /eɪ/ sound.
Which sound quality is more likely to create a sense of harmony and tenderness: euphony or cacophony?
Euphony
What type of rhyme occurs when similar sounds appear inside a single poetic line rather than at its end?
Internal rhyme.
Which two basic stress patterns are important in creating rhythm?
Stressed and unstressed elements.
Պիտի այսպէս նստեմ տխուր
իմ չգրած երգերի դէմ,
պիտի այսպէս նստեմ տխուր
իմ չբռնած ձեռքերի դէմ:
I shall sit in sorrow
Before the words I never wrote,
I shall sit in sorrow
Before the hands I never held.
Repetition and rhythm are preserved,the original rhyme is partly lost.
How does assonance differ from alliteration?
Assonance repeats vowel sounds, while alliteration repeats initial consonant sounds.
What is the main difference between euphony and cacophony in terms of their auditory effects?
Euphony creates a pleasant, harmonious effect, while cacophony creates a harsh or unpleasant effect.
Why can rhyme make a poem easier to remember?
Repeated sound patterns create musicality and help organize and reinforce the words.
How can short, repeated sentences influence the pace of a text?
They can create a quick, forceful, or dramatic pace.
Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers.
Պետրոսը պղպեղով լի մի պարկ վերցրեց:
ALLITERATION
repetition of the /p/ and /պ/
A translator preserves the meaning of a poem but loses its repeated vowel sounds. Which stylistic feature has been weakened?
Assonance and its musical or expressive effect.
A translator chooses an Armenian word because it sounds beautiful, but it changes the original meaning. What translation problem does this illustrate?
The conflict between preserving sound and preserving meaning.
An English poem uses perfect rhyme, but the Armenian translation uses words with similar, not identical, ending sounds. What type of rhyme is used in the translation?
Approximate rhyme.
Identify two elements other than stressed and unstressed syllables that can create rhythm in prose.
Pauses, repetition, sentence structures, or patterns of syllables.
Baa,baa,black sheep,
Have you any wool?
Բա՜,բա՜,սև ոչխա´ր,
Բուրդ ունե՞ս արդյոք:
Onomatopoeia
A translator cannot preserve both the original meaning and the vowel pattern. What is one possible solution, and what should guide the decision?
Use a different vowel pattern or compensate with another sound feature, guided by the poem’s meaning, rhythm, and overall artistic effect.
A poem uses harsh sounds to describe a peaceful scene. Can this be considered a stylistic choice? What effect might it create?
Yes. The contrast between the harsh sounds and peaceful imagery may create tension, irony, discomfort, or an unsettling atmosphere.
Why might preserving every rhyme in a translated poem reduce the quality of the translation?
It may force unnatural wording, distort meaning, or damage the poem’s imagery and style.
An Armenian translation uses a different metre from the English original but preserves its pace and emotional intensity. Can it be considered successful? Why?
Yes. A successful translation can reproduce a similar rhythmic and emotional effect without mechanically copying the original metre.
Tyger Tyger,burning bright,
In the forests of the night.
Վագր,վագր,վառ փայլող,
Գիշերվա անտառներում:
NOTHING
THE TRANSLATION COMMUNICATE THE IDEA, BUT IT DOESN’T RECREATE THE POEMS’ ORIGINAL SOUND PATTERN.