Color Vision
How many cones does an anomalous trichromat have?
3 cones, 0 functioning properly
Who is the father of additive color?
James Clerk Maxwell
Filter factor equation
Filter factor = 2x
x is # of stops
Symbolic Munsell notation for colors and neutrals
Color: H V/C
Neutral: N V/
What does CIE stand for?
International Commission on Illumination
Light adaptation vs dark adaptation
Light: going into a bright environment from a dim environment
Dark: going into a dim environment from a bright environment
What are the additive secondaries? What are the subtractive primaries?
Both are CMY
RGB are the additive primaries & subtractive secondaries
General rules of color filters
Lighten their own color and those adjacent on the Maxwell Triangle
Darken their compliment and those adjacent on the Maxwell Triangle
What is a recipe system and an example?
May not be reproduced the same by different cooks
ColorChecker catagories
Memory Colors, Hard to Reproduce Colors, Gamut Colors, Neutrals
Trichromatic theory: RGB cones transmit directly to the brain
Opponent theory: info from red-green, blue-yellow, black-white transmitted to the brain through 3 channels
How do you make cyan in additive mixing? Subtractive?
Additive: blue + green
Subtractive: minus (-) red
Absorption vs interference filters
Absorption: transmits own color and absorbs all others
Interference: transmits own color and reflects all others
Describe the 3 parameters of Munsell
Hue: quality associated with color name
Value: degree of lightness or darkness
Chroma: degree a color departs from neutral
What does R2 mean?
How good one term is at predicting another
1 is perfect
0 is no relationship
>0.9 is good
3 types of vision
(hint: when do we use them, rods/cones)
Photopic: bright light vision using cones only
Scotopic: monochromatic low-light vision using rods only
Mesopic: transitional vision using both rods and cones
What do subtractive colors mix to? Why?
Theoretically black (actually muddy brown)
Based on pigment/ink
CFA vs photoshop percentages
CFA: 50% green, 25% red, 25% blue
Photoshop: 60% green, 30% red, 10% blue
What is saturation?
A simultaneous increase in value and chroma
Memory colors in order
Dark skin, light skin, blue sky, green grass
Ranges, peaks, and color blindnesses of the 3 cones
S: 400-500 nm, 440 nm, tritanopia
M: 450-630 nm, 544 nm, deuteranopia
L: 500-700 nm, 580 nm, protanopia
What is spatial partitive mixing and an example?
Placing small light sources or dots of color close enough to each other so your eyes cannot see them separately
Pointillism
Which filters belong in each classification:
Selective by wavelength: color, UV, IR
Non-selective by wavelength: ND
Selective by angle of polarization: polarizing
Why was Munsell notation created?
Munsell wanted to bring order to color notation for his students
CIELAB parameters
L* amount of white (100) or black (0)
a* amount of red (+) or green (-)
b* amount of yellow (+) or blue (-)