Vocabulary
This is the entire range of radiation
These structures evolved when prokaryotes consumed simpler prokaryotes with photosynthetic abilities
What are chloroplasts?
This is the tissue of the interior of a leaf
What is mesophyll?
These form the concentration gradient along which electrons move in the electron transport chain
What are H+ ions?
These are the molecules that cycle back and forth between the light dependent cycles and calvin cycles
NADP+/NADPH and ADP/ATP
Known as "self-feeders" these are able to sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings
What are autotrophs?
These organisms are unable to make their own food and live on compounds produced by other organisms which they consume
What are heterotrophs?
These occur outside of the thylakoids
What are light independent reactions? (AKA the calvin cycle)
This protein forms ATP at the end of the light reaction cycle using the energy of charged H+ ions
What is the ATP synthase?
This is the enzyme that affixes a carbon from CO2 onto a five carbon molecule
What is rubisco?
This is the natural coloring in animal and plant cells that absorb and reflect wavelengths of light
What is a pigment?
These autotrophs do not have chloroplasts
What are cyanobacteria?
These allow CO2 and O2 into and out of leaves
What are stomata?
This is when the photoexcited electron exits photosystem I, moves through the ferredoxin and, instead of making NADPH, is shunted back to the chlorophyll a molecules in photosystem I
What is cyclic electron flow?
This is the five carbon molecule onto which a carbon from CO2 is attached
What is RuBP?
This is the initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds
What is carbon fixation?
These are the reactants in photosynthesis and the products in cellular respiration
What is H2O and CO2?
These contain a pair of chlorophyll a molecules, a primary electron acceptor, and light harvesting complexes which all work together to energize electrons
What are photosystems I and II?
This is the flow of electrons through the photosystems and other molecular components built into the thylakoid membrane
What is linear electron flow?
During this step of the Calvin Cycle, PGA gains an electron and becomes six G3P molecules. NADPH is oxidized and ATP is broken into ADP and Pi
What is reduction?
This is the process of chemiosmosis to turn ADP and a phosphate group into ATP
What is photophosphorylation?
These three types of living organisms have chloroplasts
What are plants, multicellular alga, and unicellular protists?
This electron carrier is formed at the end of the electron transport chain and is an essential part of the Calvin Cycle
What is NADPH?
This is the process of moving ions to the other side of a biological membrane
What is chemiosmosis?
Two rotations of the Calvin Cycle are needed to produce one of these
What is glucose?