Photosynthesis
The process that uses energy from the sun to make food from water and carbon dioxide.
What is photosynthesis?
What is the name of the green pigment in chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
Phloem
Study tip: PHloem = Food
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis ____________ until it is no longer a limiting reactant
increases
what is a concentration gradient?
A difference between 2 concentrations
They are opposites
What is the process by which plants lose water through their stomata?
Transpiration
What substances react together in photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is the name of the plant structure that takes water up the plant?
Xylem
As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until it reaches its _________ __________
Optimum temperature
Define diffusion
In which part of the plant does photosynthesis take place?
Leaves
Name 2 things that could affect the rate of transpiration.
Humidity, temperature, amount of wind, light intensity
Photosynthesis takes place in these cell parts.
What are chloroplasts?
What is the name of the sugar that is transported throughout the plant? Hint: it's not glucose
Sucrose! Sucrose is made from glucose and fructose units and is produced naturally in plants
Say a plant's optimum temperature is 20 degrees celsius. If it is put into a climate of 30 degrees celsius, what will happen to the proteins in the plant?
They will denature
Why would cells that do a lot of active transport have more mitochondria than those that do not?
because active transport requires energy to move against the concentration gradient
In an experiment testing the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis, oxygen concentration is used to measure the effect. Why would this be a good way to measure the rate of photosynthesis?
Because oxygen is a product of photosynthesis
Which type of leaves would be better adapted for photosynthesis -- needle-shaped or broad and flat? Explain your answer.
Broad and flat -- larger surface area for absorbing light
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and Oxygen
How do companion cells help sugars to be moved throughout the plant?
Companion cells pump sucrose into cells, and this increased pressure causes sucrose to flow up or down phloem tubes
As distance increases, light intensity ___________.
Decreases
What term is used to describe the movement of water from an area of high to low concentration across a semipermeable membrane?
Osmosis
Name and explain 1 adaptation of root hair cells
Large surface area to take up more water and minerals at once
Thin cell wall so water flow is not slowed down
Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction?
It absorbs energy -- products have more energy than the reactants (REMEMBER THIS)
Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6H2O + 6CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Name 2 ways that the xylem is adapted for its function as a transport vessel.
For water flow: No cytoplasm, no cell walls at the ends of the cells, long, empty tubes of cells, pores for water and mineral exchange
For support: thick walls, rings of lignin
What is a limiting factor?
A factor that slows the rate of photosynthesis because there's not enough of it
why would active transport be needed to transport mineral ions into the cytoplasm of a plant cell?
1. more minerals inside the cytoplasm
2. Energy is needed to move ions against the concentration gradient