Energy Transformations
What energy form does the Sun give to the plants?
Answer - Light energy
True or False?
The mitochondria is the primary organelle for Photosynthesis
False
The chloroplast are the small organelles that are in plant cells and they store the energy of sunlight. The chloroplast is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis
Fill in the Blank
The light dependent reactions occur in the _______ membrane
Answer - Thylakoid
Fill in the Blank
Light independent reactions are better known as the __________.
Answer - Calvin Cycle
True or False?
Photosystems are large complexes of proteins and pigments
True
How do plants transform energy from sunlight to glucose, and why is glucose important?
The plants capture sunlight using the chloroplasts and use it to turn water and CO2 into glucose which is stored chemical energy that the plant can use to grow
What are the 2 main chloroplast structures?
Answer: Thylakoid and Stroma
True or False - Once ATP and NADPH are used in the Calvin Cycle, they are turned into ATP and NADP to be re-energized in the light reactions
True - ATP and NADPH are re-used
True or False?
The Calvin Cycle is the first stage of photosynthesis
False - the Calvin Cycle is the second stage after the light dependent reactions.
If a plant cannot get enough CO2 what might happen to photosynthesis?
What will happen to glucose when a cell needs energy and which molecule will carry this energy?
Cells will break down the glucose during cellular respiration to make ATP, which is the entry the cell can use for activities like growth and repair.
True or False?
The chloroplast is where the Calvin Cycle takes place
False
The Stroma is where the Calvin Cycle takes place
Fill in the Blank - For light independent reactions, you need ________ , ___ and NADPH.
Answer - CO2, ATP
The Calvin Cycle uses the ATP and NADPH to fix CO2 and make 3 carbon sugars (pyruvate) which forms glucose
True - the Calvin Cycle does indeed use ATP and NADPH to form glucose
Plants sometimes make some extra ATP when they need more, what is this process called?
Answer - cyclic photophosphotylation
Describe the path of energy from the sun to ATP in plants or animals.
Sunlight is captured by plants which is then stored in glucose and then is broken down in cells and then the energy transferred to ATP which powers life processes
Fill in the Blank
In the chloroplast, structures like the __________ membranes are where the light dependent reactions occur.
Answer: Thylakoid
The Thylakoid membrane is where the light dependent reactions occur.
True or False?
For light dependent reactions, the light waves are converted into chemical energy in the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH
True - The light waves are converted into ATP and NADPH
True or False?
During Dark Reactions, the energy leftover from the ATP and NADPH is used to assemble carb molecules, like glucose
True - During Dark Reactions, the energy from ATP and NADPH are used to make carb molecules
In hot and dry environments, plants close their tiny holes called stomata to save water. What gas cannot in and how can this affect photosynthesis? What side reaction occurs?
Answers - CO2 cannot get in and without CO2, plants cannot make enough sugar, so as a result photosynthesis slows down. Oxygen will then build up and a waste side reaction will happen called photorespiration.
Photorespiration is a reaction that is a mistake that will occur sometimes during photosynthesis.
In vertical farming, plants can’t use light or glucose directly. Why do they need ATP to grow in vertical farms?
Answer - Glucose and Light are forms of energy that plants cannot use directly. ATP acts like a fully charged battery that the plant cells can use immediately to grow.
In vertical farming, LED lights are used to grow the plants indoors. How will the intensity and color of the lights affect the chloroplasts and the rate of photosynthesis?
The chloroplasts absorb light to make glucose. If the lights are brighter, the chloroplasts can work more efficiently and photosynthesis can occur quicker. The color of the light matters as well beca use the chroloplast absorbs red and blue light the best. The right colors can help the plants grow faster and make more glucose in the vertical farm environment.
During vertical farming, the plants get light from the LEDs. The light reactions of photosynthesis, how do the chloroplast use the light energy? What two important products are made that help the plant grow?
Chloroplasts capture light energy and use it to make ATP and NADPH which are the molecules that carry energy and electrons to make glucose in the Calvin Cycle.
The plants chloroplast, during vertical farming, use ATP and NADPH made during the light reactions. When the dark reactions occur, what do the molecules do to help the plant make, and why is this important?
Answer - ATP and NADPH are used to turn CO2 into glucose. Glucose is the food for the plant and it provides energy for growth.
Instead of making glucose sometimes, the chloroplast use oxygen in a process called photorespiration. Why is this called a side reaction and how might it affect plant growth in the vertical farm?
Answer - Photorespiration uses energy but it doesn’t make glucose, so it slows the growth of the plant. In vertical farms, controlling light, CO2 and the temperature can reduce photorespiration, helping plants grow faster.